Cell biology: cell division Flashcards
True or False
stem cells undergo differenation to become speaclised
True
Where in the cell is genetic infomation stored
Nucleus
What is a gene
Short section of DNA that codes for protein
How many chromosomes are in a cell
46 chromomes (23 pairs)
how many chromsomes are in gametes (sex cells)
23
What is the cell cycle made up of
Interphase and mitosis and cytokensisis
What happens during interphase
Bulking stage
Growth of the cell
increased protein synthesis
DNA replication
organelles grow and increase
What happens during mitosis
PMAT
Prophase: chromsomes shorten
Metaphase: chromsomes line up
Anaphase: sister chromatids get pulled to the opposite poles of the cell
teleophase: a clevage furrow forms
What happens during cytokinesis
The two cells seperate to form two identical daughter
Why does cell division happen
For growth and development
To repair damage
Define a stem cell
an undifferenated and unspeaclised cell that can turn into any cell
How are embroyonic stem cells formed
an egg and sperm cell to form a zygote
What is special about embryonic stem cells
they can differnate into any type of body cells
Where do we find adult stem cells
In bone marrow
what can adult stem cells differenate into
they can turn into blood cells
Where can we find stem cells in plants
Meristem
- roots and shoot
What is theraputic cloning
scientitis in the future want to use embroyonic stem cells to help people make new tissues and organs with their genetic makeup
What are the pros and cons of using embryonic stem cells
Pros
- you can make an tissue and organ that won’t be rejected
-you can unwanted fertility embroys instead of discarding
-research into differnation
Cons
-religous objection to using embroyonic stem cells (right to life)
we don’t understand differnation
if a virus is introduced during the cloning prcoess it can pass onto other cells
How can theraputic cloning be used in plants
Stem cells from meristems in plants can be used to produce clones of plants quickly and economically.
- Rare species can be cloned to protect from extinction.
- Crop plants with special features such as disease resistance
can be cloned to produce large numbers of identical plants for farmers.
