Cell biology: cell division

Question 1

True or False

stem cells undergo differenation to become speaclised

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Where in the cell is genetic infomation stored

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

What is a gene

Answer 3

Short section of DNA that codes for protein

Question 4

How many chromosomes are in a cell

Answer 4

46 chromomes (23 pairs)

Question 5

how many chromsomes are in gametes (sex cells)

Answer 5

23

Question 6

What is the cell cycle made up of

Answer 6

Interphase and mitosis and cytokensisis

Question 7

What happens during interphase

Answer 7

Bulking stage

Growth of the cell
increased protein synthesis
DNA replication
organelles grow and increase

Question 8

What happens during mitosis

Answer 8

PMAT

Prophase: chromsomes shorten

Metaphase: chromsomes line up

Anaphase: sister chromatids get pulled to the opposite poles of the cell

teleophase: a clevage furrow forms

Question 9

What happens during cytokinesis

Answer 9

The two cells seperate to form two identical daughter

Question 10

Why does cell division happen

Answer 10

For growth and development
To repair damage

Question 11

Define a stem cell

Answer 11

an undifferenated and unspeaclised cell that can turn into any cell

Question 12

How are embroyonic stem cells formed

Answer 12

an egg and sperm cell to form a zygote

Question 13

What is special about embryonic stem cells

Answer 13

they can differnate into any type of body cells

Question 14

Where do we find adult stem cells

Answer 14

In bone marrow

Question 15

what can adult stem cells differenate into

Answer 15

they can turn into blood cells

Question 16

Where can we find stem cells in plants

Answer 16

Meristem
- roots and shoot

Question 17

What is theraputic cloning

Answer 17

scientitis in the future want to use embroyonic stem cells to help people make new tissues and organs with their genetic makeup

Question 18

What are the pros and cons of using embryonic stem cells

Answer 18

Pros
- you can make an tissue and organ that won’t be rejected
-you can unwanted fertility embroys instead of discarding
-research into differnation

Cons
-religous objection to using embroyonic stem cells (right to life)
we don’t understand differnation
if a virus is introduced during the cloning prcoess it can pass onto other cells

Question 19

How can theraputic cloning be used in plants

Answer 19

Stem cells from meristems in plants can be used to produce clones of plants quickly and economically.

• Rare species can be cloned to protect from extinction.
• Crop plants with special features such as disease resistance
  can be cloned to produce large numbers of identical plants for farmers.