Cell Biology

Question 1

Define Cell Theory

Answer 1

• All the living things (organisms) are made up of cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life
• Living cells come from existing/living cells

Question 2

Recently the theory was modified, state those ideas.

Answer 2

• Energy flow takes place within cells
• Heredity information passes from one cell to another
• All cells have the same basic chemical composition

Question 3

Basic unit of life

Answer 3

Cell

Question 4

some organisms may transition from unicellular organisms to multicellular organisms. true or false

Answer 4

True (ex. slime mold)

Question 5

state some examples of specialized cells and state their definition.

Answer 5

1. sperm cells-serve to fertilize the female egg to form the embryo.
2. RBC-contain a protein molecule known as hemoglobin and serve to transport oxygen to all parts of the body and expel carbon dioxide from the body.
3. WBC-serve to protect the body from disease causing organisms.
4. Cardiomyocytes-cardiac muscle cells that make up the heart muscle.
5. Nerve Cells (Neurons)- transmit information to and from different parts of the body (information is transmitted as electric and chemical signals)

Question 6

define cell wall

Answer 6

complex, highly organized structure that defines the shape of a plant cell (it is also found in bacteria, fungi, algae, and archaea).

Question 7

functions of cell wall

Answer 7

• maintaining the structural integrity of a cell, -acting as a line of defense against a variety of external factors
• as well as hosting various channels, pores and receptors that regulate various functions of a cell.
• As such, it is a multifunctional structure in plant cells that also contributes to plant growth.

Question 8

also known as plasma membrane

Answer 8

cell membrane

Question 9

define cell membrane

Answer 9

• bilipid membrane

- composed of carbohydrates and proteins

Question 10

functions of cell membrane

Answer 10

• encircles the cell thereby containing the contents of a cell.
• it only allows certain materials (nutrients and minerals etc) to pass through to sustain the cell.
• to protect the cell and ensure stability.

Question 11

largest organelle of a cell

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

function of nucleus

Answer 12

-contains genetic information (genes) making it the control center of a cell. As such, it controls such activities cell metabolism and reproduction.

Question 13

fluid matrix (jelly-like) found inside the cell (but it is outside the nucleus).

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

function of cytoplasm

Answer 14

• Various types of organelles and minerals (salts) are suspended in this constantly streaming fluid.
• Apart from containing all the cell organelles, the cytoplasm also helps maintain the shape of a cell.

Question 15

define cell organelles

Answer 15

cell subunits specialized to carry out given functions within the cell.

Question 16

define mitochondria

Answer 16

• rod-shaped organelles and sites of ATP synthesis

- also involved in the self-destruction of a cell in a process known as apoptosis.

Question 17

function of mitochondria

Answer 17

power- generator given that it converts oxygen and nutrients in to a chemical energy known as ATP

Question 18

Where does ribosomes can be found?

Answer 18

-Found in the cytoplasm and the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

define and give a function of ribosomes

Answer 19

• composed of RNA and proteins.

- “cell factories” given that they are responsible for the synthesis of protein molecules.

Question 20

a sac-like structures that are surrounded by a membrane.

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

complete the statement. Lysosomes contain:

Answer 21

digestive enzymes, which are responsible for breaking down proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Question 22

function of lysosomes

Answer 22

removal of waste molecules as well as recycling of molecular subunits.

Question 23

these are flattened structures in a cell

Answer 23

golgi body

Question 24

function of golgi body

Answer 24

responsible for temporary storage of protein in the cell.

Question 25

function of vacuoles

Answer 25

to store such material as food, water, minerals and waste products among others.