Cell Biology Flashcards
Nucleus
Controls cell activity and which contains DNA
Cell Membrane
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
A gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place like Ribosomes and Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Aerobic Respiration takes place. Respiration transfers energy that the cells need to work
Ribosomes
This is where proteins are made in the cell.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Small and simple cells e.g. bacteria
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Complex cells like animal and plant cells
What subcellular cells do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall,
Cell Wall
Made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it.
Vacuole
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
Chloroplasts
This is where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plant. They contain chlorophyll which absorb light.
What is a differentiation?
Differentiation is the process when a cell changes and becomes specialised.
How is a sperm cell specialised?
The sperm cell has a long tail and a streamline head to swim. Also it has lots of mitochondria for energy. Also it carries enzymes in its head to digest through the cell membrane
How is a nerve cell specialised?
Nerve cells are specialised for rapid signalling because it carries electric signals . They are also long and have branched connections and their ends connect and form a network.
How is a Muscle cell specialised?
Muscle cells are specialised to contract quickly. These cells are long and contain lots of mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction
What is Osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane (like a cell membrane) from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration
What is Diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is Active Transport?
Active transport is used in the gut when there is a lower concentration of nutrients in the gut to the higher concentration of nutrient in the blood. However active transport needs energy from respiration to work
Where is the genetic material found in a bacteria cells?
The genetic material is found in the plasmids and a singular circular strand floats around in the cytoplasm
What can diffuse through a cell membrane?
Water, amino acids and glucose
What can’t diffuse through a cell membrane?
Protein and starch
Where is the genetic material found in an animal cell?
Genetic material is found in the nucleus
How can stem cells cure disease?
They can cure disease because the cells are cloned so it would not be rejected by the patients body. Also they would just replace the patients bad cells.
Why are people against stem cell research?
People are against stem cell research because they use embryos for research and it is potentially killing human life
