Cell Biology Flashcards
1
Q
Basic unit of structure and function of all living things
A
Cell
2
Q
Fundamental life functions occurs at cellular level such as
A
Metabolism Growth Irritability Repair Reproduction
3
Q
Humans contain __________ of cells
A
60 to 100 trillion
4
Q
Cells that connect bidy parts l, form kinings or transport gases
A
Epithelial cells
Erythroblast
Fibroblast
5
Q
Cells that move organs and body parts
A
Skeletal muscle cell
Smooth muscle cells
6
Q
Cells that stores nutrients
A
Fat cells
7
Q
Cell that fights a disease
A
Macrophage
8
Q
Cells that gathers info and controls body functions
A
Nerve cell
9
Q
Cell of repduction
A
Sperm
10
Q
The most important element in the human body
A
Oxygen
11
Q
Oxygen
A
65%
12
Q
Most common compound in the body
A
H20
13
Q
Found every organic molecule in the body act as a waste
A
Carbon
14
Q
Carbon
A
18.6
15
Q
Found in water molecules
A
Hydrogen
16
Q
Hydrogen
A
9.7
17
Q
Common in proteins and organic compounds
A
Nitrogen
18
Q
Nitrogen
A
3.2
19
Q
Primary component of the skeletal system including the teeth
A
Calcium
20
Q
Calcium
A
1.8
21
Q
Common in the bones and teeth as well as nucleic acid
A
Phosphorus
22
Q
Phosphorus
A
1.0
23
Q
Found in muscles
A
Potassium
24
Q
Potassium
A
0.4
25
Excreted in sweat
Sodium
26
Sodium
0.2
27
Present in skin
Chlorine
28
Chlorine
0.2
29
Cofactor for various enzymes in the body
Magnesium
30
Magnesium
0.06
31
Present in amino acid and protein
Sulfur
32
Found mostly in the blood
Iron
33
Iron
0.007
34
Found in thyroid glands
Iodine
35
Iodine
0.0002
36
Lack of carbon molecules
Inorganic molecules
37
Carbon cotIning molecules
Organic molecules
38
Contain positive and negative ion
Inirganic molecules
39
Inorganic molecules are held by
Ionic bond
40
Most important and abundant inorganic molecule
Water
41
Universal solvent
Dispersion medium
Water
42
Raise the hydrogen ion concentration
Acids
43
Acids increases as ph number
Decreases
44
lower hydrogen ion concentration
bases
45
Bases decreases as ph number
increases
46
formed from the neutralization of acid and bases
Salts
47
maintain proper osmotic pressure and avoid cell death by swelling and collapsing
Salts
48
types of salts
sodium
potassium
chlorine
49
Cation in extracellular fluid
sodium
50
Cation in intracellular fluid
potassium
51
anion in extracellular fluid
chlorine
52
organic molecules are held by
covalent bonds
53
composed of Carbon , hydrogen and oxygen in definite ratio ( 1:2:1 ) (CH2O)
Carbohydrates
54
building block of carbohydrates
Glucose
55
simple sugars containing 3-7 carbon atoms
monosaccharides
56
blood sugar
glucose
57
fruit sugar
fructose
58
milk sugar
galactose
59
found in DNA
deoxyribose
60
found RNA
Ribose
61
double sugar
disaccharides
62
glucose + galactose (milk sugar)
lactose
63
glucose + glucose ( malt sugar)
maltose
64
glucose + fructose ( table sugar)
sucrose
65
complex sugar
polysacharides
66
energy stored in animals
glycogen
67
energy stored in plants
starch
68
structural material in plants
cellulose
69
composed of carbon, hydragen and oxygen with no definite ratio . less oxygen content.
lipids
70
storage of energy and important component of cell membrane
lipids
71
building blocks of lipids
fatty acids and glycerol
72
simplest lipids used to synthesizes triglycerides and phospholipids
fatty acids
73
single glycerol for protection , insulation and stoage
triglycerides
74
major lipids component of cell membrane
phospholipids
75
consists of 4 ring of carbon
steroids
76
composed of carbon , hydrogen , oxygen and nitrogen
protein
77
most abundant organic molecule
protein
78
building block of protein
amino acids
79
provides structural framework
structural
80
examples of structural
collagen
keratin
fibrinogen
81
hormones
regulatory
82
example of regulatory
insulin
| substance P
83
produce movement
contractile
84
example of contractile
actin
| myosin
85
protect the body against infection
immunological
86
examples of immunological
anti bodies
| interleukins
87
carry vital substances
transport
88
examples of transport
hemoglobin
89
enzymes
catalytic
90
examples of catalytic
amylase
| sucrase
91
composed of carbon , hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen and phospohorus
nucleic acid
92
protein synthesis is for
RNA
93
Heredity in for
DNA
94
building blocks of Nucleic Acids
nucleotides (pentose sugar , nitrogen base & phosphoric acid)
95
purines
Adenine
| Guanine
96
pyrimidines
Cytosine
| Thymine ( Uracil)
97
cell's flexible outer surface , separating the cell's internal envirnoment
regulates the flow of material
plasma membrane
98
houses most of the cell's DNA
Nucleus
99
rounded body attatched to the nuclear membrane contains RNA
Nucleolus
100
colloidal suspension of nuclear materials
Nucleoplasm
101
contains genetic material
chromosomes
102
dark straines linear bodies
chromosomes
103
clear region necessary for chromosome movement
centromere
104
extnsion of chromosomes
arms
105
somatic
diploid ( 2n)
106
germ
haploid ( n)
107
double heleix structure
DNA
108
backbone of DNA
pentose sugar
| phosphoric acid
109
nitrogenous base
purines
| pyramidines
110
cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus
cytoplasm
111
fluid portion of cytoplasm
cytosol
112
specialized structure within the cell
organelles
113
performing metabolic function
oragnelles
114
irregular network of branching and connecting tubules
endoplasmic reticulum
115
studded with ribosomes
rough ER
116
without ribosomes
smooth ER
117
site for protein synthesis
attached to the rough ER
Ribosomes
118
powerhouse of the cell
site for aerobic respiration
Mitochondria
119
contain enzymes that digest protein
Lysosomes
120
storage modification and packaging of secretory products
site for carbohydrate synthesis
Golgo apparatus/ complex
121
cylindrical organelles
forms spindle fibers necessary for mitosis
centriole
