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RadBio > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of structure and function of all living things

A

Cell

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2
Q

Fundamental life functions occurs at cellular level such as

A 
Metabolism
Growth
Irritability
Repair
Reproduction
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3
Q

Humans contain __________ of cells

A

60 to 100 trillion

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4
Q

Cells that connect bidy parts l, form kinings or transport gases

A

Epithelial cells
Erythroblast
Fibroblast

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5
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts

A

Skeletal muscle cell

Smooth muscle cells

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6
Q

Cells that stores nutrients

A

Fat cells

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7
Q

Cell that fights a disease

A

Macrophage

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8
Q

Cells that gathers info and controls body functions

A

Nerve cell

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9
Q

Cell of repduction

A

Sperm

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10
Q

The most important element in the human body

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

Oxygen

A

65%

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12
Q

Most common compound in the body

A

H20

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13
Q

Found every organic molecule in the body act as a waste

A

Carbon

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14
Q

Carbon

A

18.6

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15
Q

Found in water molecules

A

Hydrogen

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16
Q

Hydrogen

A

9.7

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17
Q

Common in proteins and organic compounds

A

Nitrogen

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18
Q

Nitrogen

A

3.2

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19
Q

Primary component of the skeletal system including the teeth

A

Calcium

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20
Q

Calcium

A

1.8

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21
Q

Common in the bones and teeth as well as nucleic acid

A

Phosphorus

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22
Q

Phosphorus

A

1.0

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23
Q

Found in muscles

A

Potassium

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24
Q

Potassium

A

0.4

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25
Q

Excreted in sweat

A

Sodium

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26
Q

Sodium

A

0.2

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27
Q

Present in skin

A

Chlorine

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28
Q

Chlorine

A

0.2

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29
Q

Cofactor for various enzymes in the body

A

Magnesium

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30
Q

Magnesium

A

0.06

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31
Q

Present in amino acid and protein

A

Sulfur

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32
Q

Found mostly in the blood

A

Iron

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33
Q

Iron

A

0.007

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34
Q

Found in thyroid glands

A

Iodine

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35
Q

Iodine

A

0.0002

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36
Q

Lack of carbon molecules

A

Inorganic molecules

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37
Q

Carbon cotIning molecules

A

Organic molecules

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38
Q

Contain positive and negative ion

A

Inirganic molecules

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39
Q

Inorganic molecules are held by

A

Ionic bond

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40
Q

Most important and abundant inorganic molecule

A

Water

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41
Q

Universal solvent

Dispersion medium

A

Water

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42
Q

Raise the hydrogen ion concentration

A

Acids

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43
Q

Acids increases as ph number

A

Decreases

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44
Q

lower hydrogen ion concentration

A

bases

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45
Q

Bases decreases as ph number

A

increases

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46
Q

formed from the neutralization of acid and bases

A

Salts

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47
Q

maintain proper osmotic pressure and avoid cell death by swelling and collapsing

A

Salts

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48
Q

types of salts

A

sodium
potassium
chlorine

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49
Q

Cation in extracellular fluid

A

sodium

50
Q

Cation in intracellular fluid

A

potassium

51
Q

anion in extracellular fluid

A

chlorine

52
Q

organic molecules are held by

A

covalent bonds

53
Q

composed of Carbon , hydrogen and oxygen in definite ratio ( 1:2:1 ) (CH2O)

A

Carbohydrates

54
Q

building block of carbohydrates

A

Glucose

55
Q

simple sugars containing 3-7 carbon atoms

A

monosaccharides

56
Q

blood sugar

A

glucose

57
Q

fruit sugar

A

fructose

58
Q

milk sugar

A

galactose

59
Q

found in DNA

A

deoxyribose

60
Q

found RNA

A

Ribose

61
Q

double sugar

A

disaccharides

62
Q

glucose + galactose (milk sugar)

A

lactose

63
Q

glucose + glucose ( malt sugar)

A

maltose

64
Q

glucose + fructose ( table sugar)

A

sucrose

65
Q

complex sugar

A

polysacharides

66
Q

energy stored in animals

A

glycogen

67
Q

energy stored in plants

A

starch

68
Q

structural material in plants

A

cellulose

69
Q

composed of carbon, hydragen and oxygen with no definite ratio . less oxygen content.

A

lipids

70
Q

storage of energy and important component of cell membrane

A

lipids

71
Q

building blocks of lipids

A

fatty acids and glycerol

72
Q

simplest lipids used to synthesizes triglycerides and phospholipids

A

fatty acids

73
Q

single glycerol for protection , insulation and stoage

A

triglycerides

74
Q

major lipids component of cell membrane

A

phospholipids

75
Q

consists of 4 ring of carbon

A

steroids

76
Q

composed of carbon , hydrogen , oxygen and nitrogen

A

protein

77
Q

most abundant organic molecule

A

protein

78
Q

building block of protein

A

amino acids

79
Q

provides structural framework

A

structural

80
Q

examples of structural

A

collagen
keratin
fibrinogen

81
Q

hormones

A

regulatory

82
Q

example of regulatory

A

insulin

substance P

83
Q

produce movement

A

contractile

84
Q

example of contractile

A

actin

myosin

85
Q

protect the body against infection

A

immunological

86
Q

examples of immunological

A

anti bodies

interleukins

87
Q

carry vital substances

A

transport

88
Q

examples of transport

A

hemoglobin

89
Q

enzymes

A

catalytic

90
Q

examples of catalytic

A

amylase

sucrase

91
Q

composed of carbon , hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen and phospohorus

A

nucleic acid

92
Q

protein synthesis is for

A

RNA

93
Q

Heredity in for

A

DNA

94
Q

building blocks of Nucleic Acids

A

nucleotides (pentose sugar , nitrogen base & phosphoric acid)

95
Q

purines

A

Adenine

Guanine

96
Q

pyrimidines

A

Cytosine

Thymine ( Uracil)

97
Q

cell’s flexible outer surface , separating the cell’s internal envirnoment

regulates the flow of material

A

plasma membrane

98
Q

houses most of the cell’s DNA

A

Nucleus

99
Q

rounded body attatched to the nuclear membrane contains RNA

A

Nucleolus

100
Q

colloidal suspension of nuclear materials

A

Nucleoplasm

101
Q

contains genetic material

A

chromosomes

102
Q

dark straines linear bodies

A

chromosomes

103
Q

clear region necessary for chromosome movement

A

centromere

104
Q

extnsion of chromosomes

A

arms

105
Q

somatic

A

diploid ( 2n)

106
Q

germ

A

haploid ( n)

107
Q

double heleix structure

A

DNA

108
Q

backbone of DNA

A

pentose sugar

phosphoric acid

109
Q

nitrogenous base

A

purines

pyramidines

110
Q

cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasm

111
Q

fluid portion of cytoplasm

A

cytosol

112
Q

specialized structure within the cell

A

organelles

113
Q

performing metabolic function

A

oragnelles

114
Q

irregular network of branching and connecting tubules

A

endoplasmic reticulum

115
Q

studded with ribosomes

A

rough ER

116
Q

without ribosomes

A

smooth ER

117
Q

site for protein synthesis

attached to the rough ER

A

Ribosomes

118
Q

powerhouse of the cell

site for aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondria

119
Q

contain enzymes that digest protein

A

Lysosomes

120
Q

storage modification and packaging of secretory products

site for carbohydrate synthesis

A

Golgo apparatus/ complex

121
Q

cylindrical organelles

forms spindle fibers necessary for mitosis

A

centriole

RadBio (4 decks)

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