Basic Interaction of Ionizing Radiation

Question 1

interaction of radiation in cells

Answer 1

probability function

Question 2

initial deposit of energy

Answer 2

10^-17 seconnds

Question 3

radiation interaction in a cell is

Answer 3

non-selective

Question 4

branch of biology concerned with the effects of inonizing radiation on living systems

Answer 4

Radiobiology

Question 5

damages living system by ionization

Answer 5

Ionizing radiation

Question 6

characteristics of ionizing radiation

Answer 6

Charge
Mass
Energy

Question 7

Concepts of ionizing radiation

Answer 7

Linear Energy Transfer (LET)
Relative Biologic Effectiveness ( RBE)
Oxygen Enhancement Ratio ( OER)

Question 8

average energy deposited per unit length of track as a charged particle travels through ,matter

Answer 8

Linear Energy Transfer

Question 9

LET is expressed in

Answer 9

keV/um

Question 10

causes sparse ionization and are highly penetrating

Answer 10

Low LET radiation

Question 11

exmaples of Low LET radiation

Answer 11

Xrays

Gamma rays

Question 12

produces dense ionization and less penetrating

Answer 12

High LET radiattion

Question 13

relative capabilities of radiation w/ diffrent LETs

Answer 13

Relative Biologic Effectiveness

Question 14

comparison of adose of a test radiation to a dose of _______ w/c produce same biologic response

Answer 14

250 keV x-ray energy

Question 15

RBE =

Answer 15

standard radiation to prodice a given effect/ test radiation to produce the same effect

Question 16

biologic tissue is more sensitive to radiation when exposed to oxygenated environment

Answer 16

oxygen effect

Question 17

Oxygen effect numrically

ratio of radiation dose required to cause a respons to a oxygenated environment

Answer 17

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio

Question 18

OER =

Answer 18

dose of anoxic to produce a given effect/ aerobic to produce the same effect

Question 19

effects produced by free radicals created by water molecules

Answer 19

Indirect action

Question 20

Classification of ionizing radiation

Answer 20

Indirect action

Direct action`

Question 21

result of ionization of a essential molecule

Answer 21

direct action

Question 22

interaction of ionizing radiation with H20

Answer 22

Radiolysis of water

Question 23

radiolysis produces

Answer 23

ion pair

free radicals

Question 24

uncharged molecules that contains a single unparired electron but no electrical charge

Answer 24

Free Radical

Question 25

breakage of thread or backbone of long chain macromolecule

Answer 25

main chain scission

Question 26

the broken end will attach to the neighboring macromolecule

Answer 26

cross-linking

Question 27

disruption of a single chemical bonds of a macromolecules

Answer 27

point lesion

Question 28

rupture one chemical bond, occurs in Low LET radiotion also called Point mutation

Answer 28

single strand break

Question 29

rupture in two chemical bond ocuures in High LET radiation

Answer 29

Double strand break

Question 30

loss or change in the nitrogenous bases resulting to sequence alteration

Answer 30

Mutation

Question 31

molecules can fragment or change into small , spurlike structure that becomes very interactive to other molecule

Answer 31

Covalent cross-links

Question 32

rejoining and healing of the broken ends

Answer 32

restitution

Question 33

joining of 2 chromatids without a centromere

Answer 33

acentric chromosomes

Question 34

joining of 2 chromatids with centromeres

Answer 34

Dicentric chromosomes

Question 35

joining of acentric fragment from one chromosomes to the fragment containing other's centromere

Answer 35

Translocation

Question 36

fragments between the break is deleted

Answer 36

deletion

Question 37

fragment with broken end turn around and rejoin thereby reversing its position

Answer 37

inversion

Question 38

broken ends with centromere moves and twist before joining

Answer 38

ring chromosomes

Question 39

occurs in cells already in division results to error in the transmission of genetic information to the daughter cells

Answer 39

chromosome stickiness

Question 40

molecles that are present only in necessary amount and all constantly neede for the prroper functioning of the life of the cells

Answer 40

target

Question 41

the interaction of ionizing radiation with a "key" molecule target or within a short distance around one of these molecules

Answer 41

target theory

Question 42

when the nucleus is the target, only _____ is required to kill a cell

Answer 42

100 rads

Question 43

when the cytplasm is the target, only _____ is required to kill a cell

Answer 43

1000 rads

Question 44

the number of dose is directly proportional to the dose

Answer 44

total dose

Question 45

rate which radiation is delivered

Answer 45

dose rate

Question 46

effects in chain breakage

Answer 46

carbohydrates

Question 47

effects in structural damage

Answer 47

proteins

Question 48

effects in alteration in the activity

Answer 48

enzymes

Question 49

damages the organelles, its transport and permeability

Answer 49

cell membrane