Cell Biology Flashcards
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, maintaining the cell’s internal environment.
What is the role of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells do.
What structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a permanent vacuole.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where most of the cell’s metabolic reactions occur.
What is the role of chloroplast?
Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
What is cell differentiation?
The process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
To allow cells to grow, replicate their DNA, and divide.
What happens during mitosis?
A cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.
How does active transport differ from diffusion?
Active transport requires energy to move substances against a concentration gradient, while diffusion is a passive process.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
What is the role of stem cells?
Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and have the potential for regenerative medicine.
What is binary fission?
A form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where a single cell divides into two identical cells.
What are plasmids?
Small, circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.
What is the importance of cell membrane permeability?
It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Describe the structure of a virus.
Viruses consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat, and sometimes a lipid envelope.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The process by which molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels.
How do electron microscopes differ from light microscopes?
Electron microscopes use electron beams and have higher resolution and magnification compared to light microscopes.
What are centrioles?
Centrioles are involved in cell division, helping in the formation of the mitotic spindle.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
How is DNA structured in prokaryotic cells?
DNA is typically a single, circular molecule located in the nucleoid region.
What is the purpose of the microscopy practical?
To use a light microscope to observe, draw, and label a selection of plant and animal cells.
