Cell Biology Flashcards
3 adaptations exchange surfaces have to increase rate of diffusion
- Thin membrane - short diffusion pathway
- Large surface area - lots of substances can diffuse at once
- Lots of blood vessels - get stuff in and out of blood quickly
Osmosis
The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
Calculate percentage change
Change divided by Orginal * 100
Active transport
Moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution - goes against the concentration gradient
Resolution
Ability to see in detail
Magnification
The process of making something look bigger
Axon
Carries electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
Cell specialization
Where generic cells develop into specific types of cells,
With a function
And specific roles in the body
Cell differentiation
The process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells
with distinct structures and functions
Cell cycle
- The DNA replicates to form 2 copes of each chromosome - REPLICATION / INTERPHASE
*The cell grows and copies its internal structures
2.MITOSIS occurs
*One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell. The nucleus also divides. - The cell membrane and cytoplasm are copied to form 2 identical cells - CYTOKINESIS
Functions of mitosis
- Essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms
- Takes place when an organism repairs itself
- Happens during asexual reproduction
Chromosome
A structure inside the nucleus made up of a tightly coiled DNA molecule
Mitosis in terms of eukaryotes
The type of cell division the eukaryotes use to grow
Stem cell
an undifferentiated cell of an organism
which is capable of giving rise to many more cells of the same type
Diffusion
The spreading out of particles
resulting in a net movement
from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration.
