cell biology Flashcards
what are the three types of proteins in cytoskeleton
- microfilaments (actin)
- intermediate filaments
- microtubules
Actin vs Microtubules
Actin:
- smaller in diameter
- made w/ a pool of actin subunits and polymerize to form a long chain.
- involved with cytokinesis in cell division.
Microtubules:
- longer in diameter
- made with tubulin monomers
- provide movement
- involved with mitosis is cell division.
Both are involved with intercellular trafficking
cytoplasm
- includes organelles and dissolved solutes.
- represent everything within the cell membrane.
cytosol
water inside the cell
nucleus
- membrane bound organelle (double membrane)
- contains genetic material
nuclear envelope/nuclear membrane
- surrounds the nucleus to separate it from the cytoplasm
- has an inner and outer membrane
nuclear pore
allows things to move in and out of the cell
nuclear lamina
- made of lamin proteins found on inside of the inner membrane
- provides internal scaffolding
- if lamina is destroyed, nucleus will break down.
smooth ER vs rough ER
smooth:
- does not contain ribosomes
- site of lipid/steroid synthesis
rough:
- contains ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis
vesicles
- small, membrane bound sacs that transport molecules to and from the cell membrane and within the cytoplasm.
mitochondria
ATP synthesis
double membrane
structure of nucleus in relation to the ER
outer membrane is in continuation to the ER
Golgi body
- packages, modifies, and stores protein
- has small vesicles that will cary molecules to the golgi from the ER
lysosome
- special organelles that receive from the golgi
- has a low pH and contains enzymes called hydrolase that digest biomolecules.
free oxygen radicals
- a result of peroxides that are a result of metabolic pathway (ATP synthesis)
- ver reactive and can destroy the nucleus
