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Biology S3 ( Unit One ) > Cell biology > Flashcards

Cell biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of an animal cell

A

Nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm

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2
Q

What are the parts of the plant cell

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

The nucleus contains the genetic information (DNA) and controls cell activity

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4
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm

A

It is the site of chemical reactions in the cell

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

It controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

It maintains the cell structure and supports the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts

A

They are the site of photosynthesis and contain a green pigment called chlorophyll

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8
Q

What is a vacuole

A

A fluid filled sack containing cell sap

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9
Q

What is the total magnification

A

Eye piece x objective lens

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10
Q

How do u calculate the size viewed of a cell under a microscope

A

Apparent size divided by total magnification

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11
Q

How do u calculate the apparent size of a cell under a microscope

A

Size viewed x total magnification

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12
Q

Why are stains used when observing cells under a microscope

A

Chemicals called stains are used to show up the structures in cells more clearly

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13
Q

What are some examples of stains used in biology

A

Iodine and methylene blue

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14
Q

What is the biological term for cell division

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

Why is cell division needed in an organism

A

For growth and repair in the organism

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16
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A
  1. Each chromosome makes an identical copy of itself. 2. The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell attached to spindle fibres. 3. The double chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibres. 4. A membrane forms around each of the 2 sets of chromosomes and the cell begins to divide. 5. The cytoplasm is divided into 2 identical halves called daughter cells
17
Q

What is uncontrolled cell division called

A

Cancer

18
Q

Why are aseptic techniques used

A

To prevent microorganisms from the outside environment contaminating cell cultures

19
Q

What are some aseptic techniques

A

Wearing a lab coat, washing ur hands, disinfecting ur work surfaces before use, sterilising all equipment

20
Q

Where in the cell if the dna found

A

The nucleus

21
Q

How do u convert micrometers into millimetres

A

Multiply by 1000

22
Q

What is a chromosome

A

Thread like structures found in the nucleus of the cell

23
Q

How many chromosomes will there be in a cell after it divides

A

46

24
Q

What is the structure of dna

A

a double stranded helix

25
Q

What is the function of dna

A

It carries the genetic information for making protines

26
Q

What are the 4 bases in DNA

A

Cytosine (c) adenine (a) guanine (g) thymine (t)

27
Q

What is the complimentary base pair rule

A

In dna adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine

28
Q

What is a gene and what does it code for

A

Genes are a small section of dna that carry the code to produce one single proteine

29
Q

Where are protines made/ synthesised in a cell

A

The ribosomes

30
Q

What is the function of the messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

The messenger RNA is a molecule that carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome where the protine is assembled

Biology S3 ( Unit One ) (12 decks)

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