Cell biology Flashcards
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What are the parts of an animal cell
Nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm
What are the parts of the plant cell
Nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast
What is the function of the nucleus
The nucleus contains the genetic information (DNA) and controls cell activity
What is the function of the cytoplasm
It is the site of chemical reactions in the cell
What is the function of the cell membrane
It controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell
What is the function of the cell wall
It maintains the cell structure and supports the cell
What is the function of the chloroplasts
They are the site of photosynthesis and contain a green pigment called chlorophyll
What is a vacuole
A fluid filled sack containing cell sap
What is the total magnification
Eye piece x objective lens
How do u calculate the size viewed of a cell under a microscope
Apparent size divided by total magnification
How do u calculate the apparent size of a cell under a microscope
Size viewed x total magnification
Why are stains used when observing cells under a microscope
Chemicals called stains are used to show up the structures in cells more clearly
What are some examples of stains used in biology
Iodine and methylene blue
What is the biological term for cell division
Mitosis
Why is cell division needed in an organism
For growth and repair in the organism
What are the stages of mitosis
- Each chromosome makes an identical copy of itself. 2. The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell attached to spindle fibres. 3. The double chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibres. 4. A membrane forms around each of the 2 sets of chromosomes and the cell begins to divide. 5. The cytoplasm is divided into 2 identical halves called daughter cells
What is uncontrolled cell division called
Cancer
Why are aseptic techniques used
To prevent microorganisms from the outside environment contaminating cell cultures
What are some aseptic techniques
Wearing a lab coat, washing ur hands, disinfecting ur work surfaces before use, sterilising all equipment
Where in the cell if the dna found
The nucleus
How do u convert micrometers into millimetres
Multiply by 1000
What is a chromosome
Thread like structures found in the nucleus of the cell
How many chromosomes will there be in a cell after it divides
46
What is the structure of dna
a double stranded helix
What is the function of dna
It carries the genetic information for making protines
What are the 4 bases in DNA
Cytosine (c) adenine (a) guanine (g) thymine (t)
What is the complimentary base pair rule
In dna adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine
What is a gene and what does it code for
Genes are a small section of dna that carry the code to produce one single proteine
Where are protines made/ synthesised in a cell
The ribosomes
What is the function of the messenger RNA (mRNA)
The messenger RNA is a molecule that carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome where the protine is assembled
