Cell biology

Question 1

animal cell - 5 key structures

Answer 1

1. ribosome
2. mitochondria
3. cytoplasm
4. nucleus
   5 cell membrane

Question 2

plant cell - 8 key structures

Answer 2

1. ribosome
2. vacuole
3. cell wall
4. cell membrane
5. cytoplasm
6. mitochondria
7. chloroplast
8. nucleus

Question 3

fungal cell - 7 key structures

Answer 3

1. ribosome
2. vacuole
3. cell wall
4. cell membrane
5. cytoplasm
6. nucleus
7. mitochondria

Question 4

bacteria cells - 6 key features

Answer 4

1. ribosome
2. plasmid
3. cell membrane
4. cell wall
5. free floating DNA
6. cytoplasm

Question 5

nucleus function

Answer 5

controls cell activities

Question 6

cell membrane function

Answer 6

controls entry and exit of molecules

Question 7

cytoplasm function

Answer 7

site of chemical reactions

Question 8

ribosome function

Answer 8

site of protein synthesis

Question 9

mitochondrion function

Answer 9

site of aerobic respiration

Question 10

chloroplast function

Answer 10

site of photosynthesis

Question 11

vacuole function

Answer 11

stores water, sugar and salt in a solution called cell sap

Question 12

cell wall function

Answer 12

gives the cell a rigid structure

Question 13

plasmid function

Answer 13

contains additional genes which are beneficial to the cell

Question 14

cell wall of plant cell

Answer 14

is made up of cellulose fibres

Question 15

the structure of a cell membrane

Answer 15

cell membrane consists of phospolipids and proteins and is selectively permeable. This means that it will only allow the passage of smaller, soluble molecules through the membrane.

Question 16

diffusion

Answer 16

is the movement of molecules from a of higher concentration of the to a lower concentration, is an example of passive transport and it does not require energy.

Question 17

the importance of diffusion

Answer 17

cells require glucose and oxygen into them so they can release energy during the process called aerobic respiration

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

is the movement of water molecule from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration

Question 19

effect of osmosis on animal cells

Answer 19

shrink - lower water/higher salt
stay the same - same water/ salt
swell and burst - higher water/ lower salt

Question 20

effects on osmosis on plant cell

Answer 20

plasmolysed - lower water/ higher salt
stay same - same water/ salt
turgid - higher water/ lower salt

Question 21

structure of DNA

Answer 21

DNA is a double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs
DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins .

Question 22

bases

Answer 22

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 23

messenger RNA

Answer 23

1.the genetic code is copied to produce a messenger RNA molecule
2.Messenger RNA carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA out of the nucleus to a ribosome
3.amino acids arrive at the ribosome and line up according to the sequence of bases on the mRNA.
4. peptide bonds form between the amino acids. This forms a protein molecule.

Question 24

function of protein

Answer 24

structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, receptors

Question 25

degradation reaction

Answer 25

large complex molecules are broken down into smaller simpler ones

Question 26

synthesis reactions

Answer 26

small, simple molecules are built up into large complex ones

Question 27

experiment about starch

Answer 27

starch can be identified using iodine solution.

if starch is absent iodine is brown

if starch is present iodine is blue/black

Question 28

factors effecting enzyme activity

Answer 28

each enzyme is most active in its optimum.

enzymes and other proteins can be affected by temperature and pH