cell biology Flashcards
what is the function of the cytoplasm
site of cell reactions
what is the function of the cell membrane
controls entry and exit of molecules to cells
what is the function of the nucleus
controls cell activities (contains genetic information)
what is the function of the ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
what is the function of the mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration
what is the function of the cell wall
gives the cell support and structure
what is the function of the vacuole
contains cell sap
what is the function of the chloroplasts
contains chlorophyll. Traps light for photosynthesis
what is the function of the plasmid
additional rings of DNA
what is the structure of the membrane?
It is made up of proteins and phospholipids. It has a selectively permeable membrane which small molecules like glucose water and oxygen can pass through but larger molecules like starch and fat cannot
describe diffusion
diffusion is a form of passive transport. Movement from high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient. No energy is required.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis is a passive process, it does not require energy.
what is active transport?
ions/ molecules move from low to high concentration against a concentration gradient. Energy is required, this is an active process.
what is a chromosome?
The nucleus of the cell carries genetic information in structures called chromosomes - chromosomes contain DNA
what is a gene?
a gene is a section of DNA which codes for making protein to give you a characteristic.
describe the structure of DNA
- DNA is a double stranded helix held together by complimentary base pairs
- DNA carries the genetic information for making proteins
- ATGC