Cell Biology Flashcards
What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes are made up of eukaryotic cells whereas prokaryotes are a single-celled organism.
What are examples of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes: Plant and animal cells.
Prokaryotes: Bacteria.
Which sub cellular structures are present in BOTH animal and plant cells?
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
Which sub cellular structures are present in plant cells ONLY?
- Permanent vacuole
- Chloroplasts
- Cell wall
Which sub cellular structures are present in bacterial cells?
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- single circular strand of DNA & plasmids (small rings of DNA), bacteria cells don’t have a true nucleus.
What is the definition of a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
What are examples of tissues?
- Muscular tissue: contracts to move what it’s attached to.
- Glandular tissue: makes and secretes substances e.g. enzymes, and hormones.
- Epithelial tissue: covers some parts of the body e.g. the inside of the gut.
What is the definition of an organ?
A group of similar tissues working together to perform a specific function.
What is the definition of an organ system?
A group of similar organs working together to perform a specific function.
What is the order of the parts of a multicellular organisms?
Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems & organisms.
What is the definition of a specialised cell?
A cell that performs a specific function.
What is the definition of cell differentiation?
The process by which a cell changes to become a specialised cell.
How is cell differentiation different in animal and plant cells?
In animal cells, the ability to differentiate is lost after becoming specialised. Plant cells don’t ever lose this ability.
What are examples of specialised cells and their function?
- Sperm cells: for reproduction.
- Nerve cells: for rapid signalling.
-Muscle cells: for contraction. - Root hair cells: for absorbing water/minerals.
What are the adaptations of specific specialised cells?
- Sperm cells: long tail, streamlined head, lots of mitochondria.
- Nerve cells: long, branched connections at ends.
- Muscle cells: long, lots of mitochondria.
- Root hair cells: long hairs, big surface area.
