Cell Biology

Question 1

What are the 4 common features of all life forms?

Answer 1

Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Chromosome (DNA)
Ribosome

Question 2

Some characteristics of prokaryotes are…..?

Answer 2

No nucleus

DNA not bound by a membrane

Single circular piece of chromosome

Additional external structures that promote attachment

Question 3

What are some examples of prokaryotes?

Answer 3

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

Some characteristics of eukaryotes are….?

Answer 4

Have a nucleus

DNA located inside nucleus

Additional DNA are located in other areas of the cell

Membrane bound organelles

Things are more segregated or compartmentalized

Question 5

What are some examples of eukaryotes?

Answer 5

Animals, plants, fungi, and protists

Question 6

Does size correlate with function?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What are some important cell features?

Answer 7

Plasma membrane forms the boundary of every cell

Surface area : volume ratio of the cell is important

Question 8

The smaller the cell, will the surface area : volume ratio be smaller?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Does an increase in cell size correspond to an increase in membrane surface area?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What contains the ‘bulk’ of the DNA inside the cell?

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

What is responsible for supporting the nucleus?

Answer 11

Nuclear Lamina

Question 12

What is the nuclear lamina?

Answer 12

Protein framework that’s attached to the inside face of the nuclear membrane

Nucleus shape is supported

Question 13

What are chromosomes?

Answer 13

Long segments of DNA complied together with protein

Question 14

What’s chromatin?

Answer 14

DNA + Protein

Question 15

When are chromosomes tightly condensed and easily visible as individual units?

Answer 15

During cell division

Question 16

When there is no cell division, are DNA more loose and active?

Answer 16

Yes, when DNA is more active, it’s considered to be loose

Question 17

What happens to the nucleus during cell division?

Answer 17

It dissappears

Question 18

Can a cell have more than 1 nucleolus?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Where is rRNA made?

Answer 19

In the nucleolus

Question 20

What are ribosome made of?

Answer 20

rRNA and protein

Question 21

Where do ribosomes exist in the cell?

Answer 21

Free in the cytoplasm

Bound to endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

Where are the proteins made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes destined to be?

Answer 22

Proteins are destined to stay in the cell

Question 23

Do attached ribosomes synthesize proteins to stay inside the cell? If no, then where do they go?

Answer 23

No.
The proteins typically get inserted into membranes, packaged into organelles, and secreted from the cell

Question 24

What does the endomembrane system include?

Answer 24

Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma membrane

Question 25

What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

Rough ER + smooth ER

Question 26

What are the functions of the smooth ER?

Answer 26

Lipid production Detoxification of drugs Store calcium ions

Question 27

What are the functions of rough ER?

Answer 27

Produce more membrane phospholipids Bound ribosomes produce proteins that'll be secreted by the cell, packaged to other organelles, and inserted to the membrane

Question 28

What is the process of synthesis, packing and modification of secretary protein by the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 28

1. Polypeptide gets synthesized by ribosome, then inserted to the rough ER cavitiy via protein pore. 2. Sugar chains gets linked to Polypeptide producing glycoprotein. 3. Once ready for export, molecule is packaged into a transport vesicle. 4. Transport vesicle travels to golgi apparatus where it gets further processed.

Question 29

Products of the golgi maybe...

Answer 29

Secreted from the cell Added to the plasma membrane or to organelles membranes

Question 30

What is the cis and trans face of the golgi?

Answer 30

Cis: receiving end that receive transport vesicles for ER Trans: shipping end that gives rise to vesicles which travel to other sites

Question 31

What are the flattened sacs of the golgi called? Are they interconnected?

Answer 31

Cisternae No

Question 32

What does the no. of golgi stacks correlate with?

Answer 32

The quantity of proteins secreted

Question 33

What is the function of the golgi?

Answer 33

Serves to modify and store proteins that arrived from endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Do different cisternae have different enzyme packages?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

When the golgi makes sugars to be secreted from the cell, how does it export?

Answer 35

Gets secreted from the Trans face of the golgi, then gets fused with the cell membrane to get exported. (Exocytosis)