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BIOL 1020 > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 common features of all life forms?

A

Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Chromosome (DNA)
Ribosome

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2
Q

Some characteristics of prokaryotes are…..?

A

No nucleus

DNA not bound by a membrane

Single circular piece of chromosome

Additional external structures that promote attachment

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3
Q

What are some examples of prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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4
Q

Some characteristics of eukaryotes are….?

A

Have a nucleus

DNA located inside nucleus

Additional DNA are located in other areas of the cell

Membrane bound organelles

Things are more segregated or compartmentalized

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5
Q

What are some examples of eukaryotes?

A

Animals, plants, fungi, and protists

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6
Q

Does size correlate with function?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are some important cell features?

A

Plasma membrane forms the boundary of every cell

Surface area : volume ratio of the cell is important

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8
Q

The smaller the cell, will the surface area : volume ratio be smaller?

A

No

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9
Q

Does an increase in cell size correspond to an increase in membrane surface area?

A

No

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10
Q

What contains the ‘bulk’ of the DNA inside the cell?

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

What is responsible for supporting the nucleus?

A

Nuclear Lamina

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12
Q

What is the nuclear lamina?

A

Protein framework that’s attached to the inside face of the nuclear membrane

Nucleus shape is supported

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13
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Long segments of DNA complied together with protein

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14
Q

What’s chromatin?

A

DNA + Protein

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15
Q

When are chromosomes tightly condensed and easily visible as individual units?

A

During cell division

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16
Q

When there is no cell division, are DNA more loose and active?

A

Yes, when DNA is more active, it’s considered to be loose

17
Q

What happens to the nucleus during cell division?

A

It dissappears

18
Q

Can a cell have more than 1 nucleolus?

A

Yes

19
Q

Where is rRNA made?

A

In the nucleolus

20
Q

What are ribosome made of?

A

rRNA and protein

21
Q

Where do ribosomes exist in the cell?

A

Free in the cytoplasm

Bound to endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

Where are the proteins made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes destined to be?

A

Proteins are destined to stay in the cell

23
Q

Do attached ribosomes synthesize proteins to stay inside the cell? If no, then where do they go?

A

No.
The proteins typically get inserted into membranes, packaged into organelles, and secreted from the cell

24
Q

What does the endomembrane system include?

A

Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma membrane

25
Q

What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough ER + smooth ER

26
Q

What are the functions of the smooth ER?

A

Lipid production
Detoxification of drugs
Store calcium ions

27
Q

What are the functions of rough ER?

A

Produce more membrane phospholipids

Bound ribosomes produce proteins that’ll be secreted by the cell, packaged to other organelles, and inserted to the membrane

28
Q

What is the process of synthesis, packing and modification of secretary protein by the endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  1. Polypeptide gets synthesized by ribosome, then inserted to the rough ER cavitiy via protein pore.
  2. Sugar chains gets linked to Polypeptide producing glycoprotein.
  3. Once ready for export, molecule is packaged into a transport vesicle.
  4. Transport vesicle travels to golgi apparatus where it gets further processed.
29
Q

Products of the golgi maybe…

A

Secreted from the cell

Added to the plasma membrane or to organelles membranes

30
Q

What is the cis and trans face of the golgi?

A

Cis: receiving end that receive transport vesicles for ER

Trans: shipping end that gives rise to vesicles which travel to other sites

31
Q

What are the flattened sacs of the golgi called?
Are they interconnected?

A

Cisternae
No

32
Q

What does the no. of golgi stacks correlate with?

A

The quantity of proteins secreted

33
Q

What is the function of the golgi?

A

Serves to modify and store proteins that arrived from endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

Do different cisternae have different enzyme packages?

A

Yes

35
Q

When the golgi makes sugars to be secreted from the cell, how does it export?

A

Gets secreted from the Trans face of the golgi, then gets fused with the cell membrane to get exported. (Exocytosis)

BIOL 1020 (4 decks)

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