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SCIENCE > Cell - Biology > Flashcards

Cell - Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What 3 features does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic cell doesn’t?

A
  • mitochondria
  • chloroplasts
  • nucleus
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2
Q

How many micrometers (um) are prokaryotes.

A

0.1-5.0

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3
Q

How many micrometers (um) are eukaryotes

A

10-100

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4
Q

What type of cell are eukaryotes

A

Plants, animals and fungi

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5
Q

What type of cell are prokaryotes

A

Bacterial

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6
Q

How much times larger are eukaryotes

A

1,000

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7
Q

Give 1 example of a eukaryote and a prokaryote

A

Pro: e.coli
Eu: sequoia trees

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8
Q

What is magnification?

A

Makes the object appear larger

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9
Q

What is resolution

A

The ability to tell apart 2 or more objects close together

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10
Q

True or false? When they turn out close together, it’s a high resolution

A

False. When they turn of separate it’s a high resolution

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11
Q

A cell has a diameter of 0.002cm. An image of the cell viewed through the microscope diameter is 6cm. What’s the magnification.

A

3000(um)

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12
Q

Name 3 objects that are only visible through microscopes.

A
  • ribosomes
  • xylem cells
  • cell membranes
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13
Q

What’s the magnification of x240 000 in standard form?

A

2.4 x 10^5

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14
Q

Name the 2 different types of microscopes

A

Light and electron

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15
Q

What microscope has a higher resolution and magnification

A

Electron

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16
Q

Name 3 sub-cellular structures found in plants but not animal cells

A
  • chloroplasts
  • permanent vacuole
  • cell wall
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17
Q

What lens has the lowest magnification

A

Objective lens

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18
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place

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19
Q

What’s the function of the nucleus

A

Genetic material that controls the cell activity

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20
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

Control what goes in and out

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21
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made

22
Q

Functions of cytoplasm

A

Reactions takes place

23
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis occurs

24
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Contains cell sap

25
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

26
Q

True or false? Prokaryotes don’t have a true nucleus

A

True

27
Q

What is the equation for magnification

A

M= image size / actual size

28
Q

What is 0.0045 in standard form

A

4.5 x 10^-3

29
Q

Fill in the missing gaps:
0.1cm = …mm = 1000…= ……..nm

A

0.1cm = 1 mm = 1000 um = 1 000 000 nm

30
Q

What’s 1000mm to cm?

A

100cm

31
Q

Calculator can be used (I think): 8400 nm to um

A

8.4um

32
Q

0.0009 mm to nm

A

900nm

33
Q

Write the following in standard form:
A) 0.025
B) 18 000 000
C) 0.00064

A

A) 2.5 x 10^ -2
B) 1.8 x 10^ 7
C) 6.4 x 10^ -4

34
Q

What type of cell contains a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic cells

35
Q

Function of sperm cells

A

To fertilise the female egg cell

36
Q

Function of nerve cell

A

To send electrical impulses around the body

37
Q

Function of the red blood cell

A

To transport oxygen around the body

38
Q

Function of the root hair cell

A

To absorb water & minerals from the soil

39
Q

Function of the phloem

A

Transports dissolved sugars around the plant

40
Q

Function of the xylem

A

Transports water through the plant from the roots to the leave.

41
Q

Name 1 adaptation of the sperm cell

A

Either: streamline head, long tail, lots of mitochondria

42
Q

Name 1 adaptation of the nerve cell

A

Either : long axon , dendrites

43
Q

Name 1 adaptation of the red blood cell

A

Either: no nucleus, disc shape to increase surface area for oxygen

44
Q

Name 1 adaptation of the root hair cell

A

large surface are to absorb more water

45
Q

Name 1 adaptation of the phloem

A

Either: pores to allow flow of cell sap, long & joined end to end

46
Q

Name 1 adaptation of the xylem

A

Either: hollow in the centre , tubes joined end to end , strengthened because of lignin.

47
Q

What are the properties of exchanging substances

A

1- large surface area
2- thin membrane
3- blood supply
4- ventilation

48
Q

Name 4 adaptation organs for gas exchange

A

1- leaves (flat&stomata)
2- gills in fish (lots of capillaries & covered in lamellae)
3- small intestine (absorption of food molecules)
4- alveoli- in lungs(air in &out, thin walls)

49
Q

Do single cell organisms have a large or small SA:VOlUME RATIO?

A

Large

50
Q

Do multicellular organisms have a large or small SA:VOlUME RATIO?

A

Small

SCIENCE (2 decks)

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