Cell Biology Flashcards
What Sub-cellular structure are in an animal cell
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
What Sub-cellular structures are in a plant cell
All animal + Cell wall, Vacuole, Chloroplast
What is a Eukaryotic Cell
Plant, Animal and Fungal Cell
Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- prokaryotic are much smaller
- the genetic material is not enclosed in the nucleus
- they do not contain mitochondria or chloroplasts
How do you convert mm to micrometres
x100
How do you calculate magnification
size of the image / size of real object
Why must cultures be uncontaminated
so that specific trains can be used to test the effect of antibiotics or disinfectants
What do the genes inside of chromosomes control
the code to make different proteins and control the development of different characteristics
Describe the process of mitosis
- One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
- The nucleus divides
- The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical cells
Why is mitosis important
- growth and development
- preparing damaged tisses
- asexual reproduciton
What is therapeutic cloning
A cloned embryo made and used as a source of stem cells
Name a use of stem cells
-treating diabetes or paralysis as they can trade positions of damaged stem cells
Where are plant stem cells found
the meristems
What is diffusion
the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until evenly spread out
Adaptations in multicellular organisms for exchanging materials
- thin surface so molecules only have to diffuse a short distance
- surfaces are kept moist so the substance can dissolve and diffuse across cell membranes faster
