Cell Biology 1 Flashcards
Name basic unit of life
Cell
How can you tell a cell is bacterial
Has a plasmid
How can you tell if a cell is a plant
Chloroplasts
How can you tell a cell is an animal
No cell wall
Mitochondria
Aerobic respiration takes place (occurs)
Cell membrane
Controls entry and exit of materials
Cytoplasm
Where all chemical reactions take place
Nucleus
Controls cells activities
Ribosomes
Protein is made
Chloroplasts
Only in plant cells contains chlorophyll to trap light energy for photosynthesis
Vacuole
Contains cell sap, helps supports plant cell
Cell wall
Provides shape and support
Plasmids
DNA which can be transferred from one bacterial cell to another
What are plant cell walls made of
Cellulose
What is cell division for
Replace old or dying cells
To replace damaged tissue
To allow organism to increase in size
Mitosis
Step1 ……….. appear in nucleus as to fine threads
Chromosomes
Mitosis
Step 2 Each chromosome ………. to form 2 new ………. joined together by a centromere. The Chromosomes …….and thicken and become more visable
Replicates
Chromatids
Shorten
Mitosis
Step 3 Chromosomes line up at the ……. and ……. fibres attach to each ………
Equator
Spindle
Chromatid
Mitosis
Step 4 The spindle fibres shorten and pull the ………. apart. ……….. gather at opposite ends of the cell
Chromatids
Chromosomes
Mitosis
Step 5 The nuclear membrane reforms and the ……… divides
Cytoplasm
Mitosis
Step 6 There are now … new cells each with the …. number of Chromosomes as the original cell
2
Same
During mitosis the 2 new daughter cells produced why is it important they have the same number of Chromosomes as the original cell?
Same characteristics
Wont function properly if it dosnt
Needs same information
What disease can you get from uncontrolled cell division
Cancer
Specialised
Own specific job
Red blood cell Function
Features?
Transport oxygen
Large surface area
Nerve muscle Function
Features
Carrie’s electrical signals around body
Long and thin
Muscle cell Function
Features?
Allows bone to move
Contains fibres allowing them to shorten
***Sperm Cell Function
Features?
Fertilises an egg cell
Long tail used for swimming
Examples of tissue
Muscle
Lineing of lumgs
What is an organ made of
Tissues
Examples of organs
Heart Lungs Brain Roots Stems
Unspecialised cell
Stem Cells
Sources of stem cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
Tissue Syem Cells
Tissue Stem Cells
Present in bone marrow, brain and blood
Adult Stem cells are used to repair damaged tissue
Embryonic Stem Cells
Taken from embryos. Embryo is destroyed after stem cells are taken
Problems with stem cell therapy
Pass on viruses or other diseases, may turn cancerous
