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CELL BIOLOGY 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic cell structure?

A

Nucleus
nucleolus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Centrosome
Lysosome
Ribosome
Mitochondria

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2
Q

What is the basic cellular biology structure?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic organelles
Nucleus

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3
Q

a frail, semipermeable,flexible structure encasing
and surrounding the human cell.

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

It is made up of lipids and proteins.

A

Cell membrane

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5
Q

It functions as a barricade to
protect cellular contents from the
outside environment.

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

controls the passage of water
and other materials into and out
of the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

The protoplasm that exists outside the cell’s nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

Cytoplasm primarily composed of water but also contains:

A

• proteins
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• salts
• minerals

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9
Q

makes up most of the cell and
contains large amounts of all the
cell’s molecular components with
the exception of DNA.

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

occur in the cytoplasm.

A

Cellular metabolic function

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11
Q

a vast, irregular network of tubules
and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

enables the cell to communicate with
the extracellular environment and
transfer food and molecules from one
part of the cell to another.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

functions as the highway system of the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

Two types of ER

A

Smooth and Rough

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15
Q

(granular) numerous ribosomes are present on the surface of the ER

A

Rough ER

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16
Q

(agranular) ribosomes are not present

A

Smooth ER

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17
Q
A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q
A
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20
Q

minute vesicles that extend
from the nucleus to the cell
membrane.

A

Golgi Apparatus, bodies or
Complex

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21
Q

consist of tubes and a tiny
sac located near the nucleus.

A

Golgi Apparatus, bodies or
Complex

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22
Q

When the cell manufactures
enzymes and hormones, the
Golgi apparatus:

A

❖Concentrates
❖Packages
❖Transports them through the cell membrane

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23
Q

When the cell manufactures
enzymes and hormones, they
can exit the cell, enter the
bloodstream, and be carried to
the areas of the body where
they are required.

A

Golgi Apparatus, bodies or
Complex

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24
Q

The large, double-membranous,
oval or bean-shaped structures

A

Mitochondria

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25
function as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they supply the energy for cells.
Mitochondria
26
contain highly organized enzymes in their inner membranes that produce this energy for cellular activity by breaking down nutrients such as: ❖ carbohydrates ❖ fats ❖ proteins
Mitochondria
27
small, pealike sacs or single membrane spherical bodies that are of great importance for digestion within the cytoplasm.
Lysosomes
28
contain a group of different digestive enzymes that target proteins,
Lysosomes
29
Their primary function appears to be the breaking down of unwanted large molecules that either penetrate into the cell through microscopic channels or are drawn in by the cell membrane itself.
Lysosomes
30
very small spherical organelles that attach to the ER.
Ribosomes
31
32
33
consist of two thirds RNA and one third protein
Ribosomes
34
manufacture (synthesize) the various proteins that cells require by using the blueprints provided by mRNA.
Rinosomes
35
located in the center of the cell near the nucleus.
Centrosomes
36
contain the centrioles
Centrosome
37
Which in each centrosome is a pair of small, hollow, cylindrical structures oriented at right angles to each other.
Centrioles
38
39
play a significant role in the formation of the mitotic spindle'; by organizing the spindle fibers during cell division.
Centrioles
40
separated from the other parts of the cell by a double-walled membrane (nuclear envelope)
Nucleus
41
the nucleus forms the
heart of living cells
42
a spherical mass of protoplasm that contains the genetic material, DNA, and protein.
nucleoplasm
43
two nuclear components are arranged in long threads called
Chromatin
44
When a cell divides, this gene-containing material contracts into tiny rod-shaped bodies, that carry genes.
chromosomes
45
The nucleus also contains at least one very small, rounded body, which manufactures and holds a large amount of RNA and protein inside the ribosomes it contains.
Nucleolus
46
47
controls cell division and multiplication and the biochemical reactions that occur within the cell.
Nucleus
48
50
Cellular Function
Basic cell chemis Organic and inorganic compounds
51
CHEMICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE CELL
Cellular function
52
the chemical building material for all living things.
Protoplasm
53
This substance carries on the: A. Complex process of metabolism B. Reception and processing of food and oxygen C. Elimination of waste products
Protoplasm
54
those compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Organic compounds
55
compounds that do not contain carbon
Inorganic materials
56
These are either dissolved or suspended in water
Organic compounds and inorganic materials
57
The most abundant component of protoplasm.
Water
58
Protoplasm contains
80–85% water
59
Water makes up approximately ___ of a person’s total body weight, and for several reasons is essential to life
80–85%
60
Denote chemical substances that contain carbon.
Organic compounds
61
Four major classes of organic compounds
Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids
62
Comprise 15% of the cell
Proteins
63
Composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Proteins
64
assisting in growth, constructing new tissues, and repairing injured or worn-out tissues
Proteins
65
Enormous amounts of proteins are located in
fingernails, hair, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and muscle.
66
the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
67
how many amino acids in human that combine in numerous sequences to create proteins.
22 different amino acids
68
Examples of proteins include
insulin, egg whites, gelatin, and hemoglobin
69
an important group of proteins that are found in all living cells.
Enzymes
70
Enzymes act as
Organic catalysts
71
They control the numerous chemical reactions that occur in cells.
Enzymes
72
provide cell energy, help to make new cell parts, and control almost every cell process
Enzymes
73
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RADBIO (3 decks)

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