cell bio test 4 Respiratory BS

Question 1

which direction will cancer spread through lymphatics of esophagus?

Answer 1

cephalad and caudad (vertically)

Question 2

functions of conducting airways

Answer 2

transport, condition, filter air

Question 3

functions of respiratory airways

Answer 3

respiration :) they have alveoli

Question 4

name extrapulmonary conducting airways

Answer 4

nasal vestibule and cavity, nasopharynx and oropharynx, larynx, trachea and primary bronchi

Question 5

name intrapulmonary conducting airways

Answer 5

secondary (lobar) bronchi, tertiary (segmental) bronchi-including terminal bronchus, primary bronchiole, secondary pulmonary lobule, pulmonary acinus

Question 6

what is anthracotic pigment? Where found?

Answer 6

pigment consumed by macrophages that is flowing through lymphatics within the interlobular septa of the lung

Question 7

lymphatic vessels are associated with what airways?

Answer 7

conducting (I think)

Question 8

Respiratory airways

Answer 8

respiratory bronchiole, primary pulmonary lobule, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 9

what type of epithelium is the olfactory?

Answer 9

pseudostratified columnar

Question 10

describe olfactory receptor cells

Answer 10

or just look at a picture on slide 9

Question 11

what the heck is a sustentacular cell?

Answer 11

columnar cell with apical microvilli–supporting cell. Nourishes olfactory cells. Contain lipofuscin granules making them appear yellow-brown

Question 12

brush cell

Answer 12

transduces sensory stimulation of mucosa to CN V, apical domain has microvilli

Question 13

basal cells

Answer 13

stem cells of this layer–replenish brush, sustentacular, and olfactory receptor cells. Pyramidal shaped

Question 14

What layer houses Bowman’s glands? What do they secrete?

Answer 14

found in lamina propria, serous secretions contain odorant-binding protein.

Question 15

What is the function of swell bodies?

Answer 15

allow one side of the nose to rehydrate by swellling and shifting airflow to other nostril

Question 16

what part of the larynx has non-keratinized, stratifies squamous epithelium?

Answer 16

surfaces that are subject to abrasion or vibration: vocal folds, anterior surfaces of epiglottis, and exterior laryngeal surfaces

Question 17

what type of epithelium lines most of the larynx?

Answer 17

respiratory epithelium–ciliated, pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells. This is very important for mucociliary clearance

Question 18

what is found in the lamina propria of larynx?

Answer 18

seromucous glands (keep vocal folds moist), vocal ligament (overlies vocalis muscle of true vocal cord), reinke’s space (between basal lamina and vocal ligament)

Question 19

describe the wall layers of trachea and primary bronchus

Answer 19

mucosa, submucosa with glands, cartilage (and trachealis), adventitia

Question 20

describe the wall layers of intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 20

mucosa, muscularis, submucosa with glands, cartilage, adventitia

Question 21

Describe wall layers of bronchioles

Answer 21

mucosa, muscularis, fibroelastic CT layer

Question 22

what cells found in mucosa?

Answer 22

ciliated columnar, goblet, brush, basal, neuroendocrine, intraepithelial lymphocytes, mast cells

Question 23

submucosa

Answer 23

seromucous glands–secretions include alpha-1 antitrypsin (a protease inhibitor). A deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin leads to the development of a form of emphysema

Question 24

cartilage

Answer 24

hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle, also intrapulmonary bronchi have discontinuous plates of cartilage

Question 25

adventitia

Answer 25

fourth layer of trachea and bronchus

Question 26

how do asthma and chronic bronchitis affect airway?

Answer 26

thicker basal lamina, edema and inflammation of wall, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of glands and goblet cells as well as smooth muscle cells

Question 27

cells in mucosa of bronchioles

Answer 27

goblet cells in large bronchioles–increase with chronic irritation, club cells (secrete surfactant [not same as type II alveolar] and make club cell protein, and replace bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, also a few brush and neuroendocrine

Question 28

what is different about lamina propria of bronchioles?

Answer 28

no glands

Question 29

purpose of fibrous CT in bronchioles?

Answer 29

maintain patency of bronchioles

Question 30

type I alveolar cell (pneumocyte)

Answer 30

40% of population but 90% of surface area, facilitate gaseous diffusion, can’t divide

Question 31

type II alveolar cell (pneumocyte)

Answer 31

60% of population but only 10% of surface area, contain lamellar bodies that secrete surfactant, can divide to produce type I or II pneumocytes

Question 32

how is surfactant formed

Answer 32

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 33

surfactant synthesis

Answer 33

need cortisol to induce surfactant synthesis or lungs collapse. Insulin inhibits corticosteroids–diabetic mothers=higher respiratory distres syndrome

Question 34

alveolar macrophages

Answer 34

different locations depending on where they migrate. Heart failure cells are macrophages loaded with hemosiderin from blood in lungs

Question 35

where are the continuous capillaries?

Answer 35

interalveolar septum

Question 36

describe the blood-gas barrier

Answer 36

type I pneumocytes, fused basal laminae, endothelial cells of continuous capillary, may be as thin as 0.2 micrometers