Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cell test 4 > cell bio test 4 GI II and III BS > Flashcards

cell bio test 4 GI II and III BS Flashcards

1
Q

4 layers of GI tube

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mucosa of GI tube

A

epithelium w/basal lamina, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lamina propria of mucosa contains what/

A

connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymphatic vessel endowment (segmental differences exist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does muscularis mucosae of mucosa increase surface area of GI tube?

A

contraction of muscle wrinkles the mucosa, this increases the surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the submucosa of GI tube

A

glands present in exophagus and duodenum, blood and lymphatics, submucosal or meissner’s plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe muscularis externa

A

two layers of smooth muscle, contraction=peristalsis, myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus

A

parasympathetic postganglionic neruons and sympathetic postganglionic fibers–regulates glands, blood flow, muscularis mucosae, and is sensory (mechano and chemo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus?

A

located in muscularis externa, parasympathetic postgangionic neurons and sympathetic postganglionic fibers, controls peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is achalasia?

A

damage to neurons in myenteric plexus causes constriction of LES. Limits passage of food into stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what layer of the esophagus has stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are cardiac esophageal glands found in the esophagus?

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where are esophageal glands proper (seromucous) found?

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What portion of muscularis externa is skeletal?

A

upper 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what portion of muscularis externa is smooth muscle?

A

lower 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adventitia or serosa? Thoracic or abdominal esophagus?

A

thoracic=adventitia, abdominal=serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Barrett’s esophagus?

A

acid reflux causes remodeling of lower esophagus to make metaplastic columnar epithelium with goblet cells. This mucous is to protect esophagus from the acid. Goblet cells appear blue with PAS/acian blue stains. Needs to be monitored for adenocarcinomas!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How will cancer spread in esophagus?

A

vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

regions of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe rugae of the stomach

A

longitudinal folds in undistended stomach, mucosa and submucosa form the folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe mucosa of the stomach

A

surface epithelium-simple columnar, mucous cells; gastric pits; glands empty into gastric pits; gland regions-isthmus, neck and fundus; lymphatic vessels (very few) deep in lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

muscularis externa of stomach

A

inner oblique layer of smooth muscle-only present in certain regions of the stomach; middle circular layer of smooth muscle-thickened at pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

three regions of gastric glands

A

three regions: isthmus, neck and fundus (base)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cells in isthmus region of gastric gland

A

surface epithelial cells-secrete mucus, parietal (oxyntic) cells-secrete HCL and intrinsic factor, stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cells in neck region of gastric gland

A

mucous, more parietal and less chief cells, some enteroendocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cells in base region of gastric gland

A

chief (zymogenic) cells-secret pepsinogen, enteroendocrine cells, mucus, and few parietal cells

26
Q

describe unique part of cardia portion of stomach

A

short gastric pits, long glands in lamina propria

27
Q

unique part of pylorus

A

deep gastric pits, short glands, enteroendocrine cells (ex: G cells secrete gastrin)

28
Q

how does stomach epithelium defend itself against stomach environment?

A

mucus and bicarbonate layer, surface cells secrete those things, cell renewal, alkaline tide, microcirculation, sensory nerves, prostaglandins

29
Q

what is the pyloric sphincter?

A

thickening of muscularis externa-mainly inner circular layer- at the gastroduodenal junction

30
Q

What structures increase surface area of small intestine?

A

plicae circulares (permanent circular folds of submucosa and mucosa), intestinal villi (processes of mucosa), microvilli

31
Q

what are the signature features of gluten enteropathy (celiac sprue)?

A

enterocytes in disarray, villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, inflammation of lamina propria

32
Q

mucosa of small intestine

A

basal lamina, mainly absorptive columnar cells with well-developed striated (brush) borders, goblet cells, intraepithelial T cells

33
Q

lamina propria of small intestinal mucosa

A

loose CT, intestinal glands, many blood and lymphatic vessels, smooth muscle cells, leukocytes and plasma cells

34
Q

what are the cells types of the intestinal glands (crypts of lieberkuhn)?

A

paneth cells (secrete lysozyme, defensins, TNF alpha), enteroendocrine cells, stem cells toward base

35
Q

submucosa of small intestine

A

moderately dense CT, submucosal plexus, blood and lymph vessels

36
Q

What are Brunner’s glands?

A

duodenal glands- secrete mucus and human epidermal growth factor–located in submucosa

37
Q

jejunum vs ileum

A

Wall of jejunum is thicker than ileum and jejunum is more richly vascularized; hence, jejunum is redder than ileum in a living person

38
Q

where are Peyer’s patches?

A

ileum

39
Q

what are M cells

A

antigen transporting cells

40
Q

plicae circulares is in?

A

small intestine mucosa

41
Q

plicae semilunares where?

A

large intestine mucosa

42
Q

absence of mucosa–large or small intestine?

A

large

43
Q

Which has more intestinal glands? Large or small intestine

A

large

44
Q

Where are goblet cells more numerous?

A

more distal

45
Q

lamina propria of what GI area has no lymphatic channels?

A

large intestine

46
Q

where is the teniae coli?

A

large intestine

47
Q

What has lymphatic nodules in lamina propria and submucosa?

A

vermiform appendix

48
Q

What is fecalith?

A

a monolithic poop stuck in your appendix. Can cause appendicitis

49
Q

Rectum has what kind of folds?

A

longitudinal folds-temporary

50
Q

what is a plicae transveraes recti?

A

transverse rectal fold in rectum

51
Q

does rectum have teniae coli?

A

no, because they spread out and form a complete layer around muscularis externa

52
Q

below pectinate line?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

53
Q

where are anal cushions?

A

left lateral, right anterior, and right posterior

54
Q

what hurts, internal or external hemorrhoid?

A

external. Internal are not on skin, no pain receptors

55
Q

know about anal abscesses and fistula in ano

A

yep

56
Q

what is a false diverticula?

A

outpocketing of colonic wall–only involves mucosa and submucosa.

57
Q

what is more likely to develop adenocarcinoma? Tubular or villous adenoma?

A

villous

58
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

only large intestine. inflammatory bowel disease that increases lymphatic densitiy

59
Q

Crohn’s disease?

A

can be mouth to anus, all layers of wall, fistula may form

60
Q

Hirschprung’s disease?

A

agangliosis of myenteric and submucosal plexuses–always involves rectum, but may involve more proximal segments

cell test 4 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions