(CELL BIO) Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic

Question 2

Where does Eukaryotic cells come from?

Answer 2

Plants and Animals

Question 3

Where do Prokaryotic cells come from?

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material/

Question 5

What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?

Answer 5

Peptidoglycan

Question 6

How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 6

Found free within the cytoplasm as:
- Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
- Plasmid DNA

Question 7

What are plasmids?

Answer 7

• Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA
• Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance

Question 8

List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)

Answer 8

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell Membrane
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes

Question 9

List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3)

Answer 9

• Chloroplasts
• Vacuole
• Cell Wall

Question 10

Other than storing DNA information, what is the other function of the nucleus?

Answer 10

Controls cellular activities

Question 11

What is the plant cell wall made of?

Answer 11

Cellulose

Question 12

What is the function of the plant cell wall?

Answer 12

Provides strength and prevents the cell bursting when water enters via osmosis

Question 13

Describe how sperm cells in animals are adapted to their function?

Answer 13

• Haploid nucleus (genetic information)
• Tail (enables movement)
• Mitochondria (provides energy for tail movement)

Question 14

Describe how root hair cells are adapted to their function?

Answer 14

• Large surface area to absorb nutrients and water from surrounding soil
• Thin walls that do not restrict water absorbtion

Question 15

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 15

The process by which cells because specialised

Question 16

Why is cell differentiation important?

Answer 16

Allowed production of different tissues and organs that perform various vital functions in the human body

Question 17

What is the purpose of cell division in mature animals?

Answer 17

Repair and replacement of cells.

Question 18

What are the advantages of light microscope?

Answer 18

• Inexpensive
• Easy to use
• Portable
• Observe both dead and living specimens

Question 19

What is the disadvantage of light microscope?

Answer 19

Limited resolution

Question 20

How does an electron microscope?

Answer 20

It uses beam of electrons which are focused using magnets. the electrons hit a florescent screen which emits visible light, producing an image.

Question 21

What is the advantage of electron microsocopes?

Answer 21

Greater magnification and resolution

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of electro microscopes?

Answer 22

• Expensive
• Less portable (large)
• Require training for use
• Only dead specimens can be observed