(CELL BIO) Cell Structure Flashcards
What are the 2 types of cells?
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
Where does Eukaryotic cells come from?
Plants and Animals
Where do Prokaryotic cells come from?
Bacteria
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material/
What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?
Peptidoglycan
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?
Found free within the cytoplasm as:
- Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
- Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids?
- Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA
- Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance
List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3)
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuole
- Cell Wall
Other than storing DNA information, what is the other function of the nucleus?
Controls cellular activities
What is the plant cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What is the function of the plant cell wall?
Provides strength and prevents the cell bursting when water enters via osmosis
Describe how sperm cells in animals are adapted to their function?
- Haploid nucleus (genetic information)
- Tail (enables movement)
- Mitochondria (provides energy for tail movement)
Describe how root hair cells are adapted to their function?
- Large surface area to absorb nutrients and water from surrounding soil
- Thin walls that do not restrict water absorbtion
What is cell differentiation?
The process by which cells because specialised
Why is cell differentiation important?
Allowed production of different tissues and organs that perform various vital functions in the human body
What is the purpose of cell division in mature animals?
Repair and replacement of cells.
What are the advantages of light microscope?
- Inexpensive
- Easy to use
- Portable
- Observe both dead and living specimens
What is the disadvantage of light microscope?
Limited resolution
How does an electron microscope?
It uses beam of electrons which are focused using magnets. the electrons hit a florescent screen which emits visible light, producing an image.
What is the advantage of electron microsocopes?
Greater magnification and resolution
What are the disadvantages of electro microscopes?
- Expensive
- Less portable (large)
- Require training for use
- Only dead specimens can be observed
