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Biomaterials > Cell and Physiology > Flashcards

Cell and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

smallest unit capable of carrying out all life processes

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2
Q

Tissue

A

Groupings of cells which are specialized for a specific function

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3
Q

Basic Tissue Types

A

-Connective(bone,ligament, blood)
-Muscle
-Nervous(brain, spine)
-Epithelial(layer, protection)

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4
Q

Organ

A

composed of multiple tissue types, organized for a specific function

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5
Q

Organ System

A

groups of organs integrated their function

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6
Q

organism

A

built by organ systems working together

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7
Q

Modern Cell Theory

A
  1. organisms are composed of cells and cell products
  2. The cell is simplest structural and functional unit of life
  3. shape drive function
  4. cells come from cells
  5. similar in chemical composition and metabolic mechanism
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8
Q

Primary responders to implanted materials

A

-Mechanisms of attachment
-blood coagulation
-Inflammation
-Immune Response

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9
Q

Cell Functions

A

-Supply of new cells
-Secretion of Soluble Factors
-Secretion of extracellular matrix proteins
-Communication
-Phagocytosis
-Organelles regulate any of these processes

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10
Q

Size of cells

A

mamalian cell-10 microm
bacteria cells -1-5 microm

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11
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

-Nucleus
-Cytoskeleton
-Mitochondrion
-Golgi Apparatus
-Plasma membrane
-Endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Phospholipid membrane

A

-Compartmentalization
-Protection
-Cell Recognition
-Entry/Exit
-Fluid Mosaic

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13
Q

Phospholipid makeup

A

-hydrophilic head group(nitrogen group)
-phosphate group
-Glycerol
-Hydrophobic Tail(Fatty Acid Tail)

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14
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

-Protein scaffold to protein support, internal organization, and movement of cell

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15
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

-Actin Filaments
-Microtubules

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

-Energy from Glucose
-Produce ATP
- Have their DNA
-Ekaryotes

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17
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

-network of channels
-Communication
-Ribosome
-Protein Transport

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18
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

-No ribosomes
-Lipid Transport
-Large Surface Area
-Enzyme attachment

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19
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Packaging Center-brings everything together
-Polar ends
-Flattened sacs

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20
Q

Lysosomes

A

contains specialized disgestive

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21
Q

Endosomes

A

methods of cellular uptake of large proteins and viruses

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22
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Carry out oxidative reactions in animal and plant cells

23
Q

Vacuoles

A

Fluid-filled vesicles, used as storage sites for water, ions, and nutrients such as glucose

24
Q

Exocytosis

A

Secretory vesicles brought to service and cell products released

25
Q

Endocytosis

A

Cell brings things in

26
Q

general function of epithelial tissue

A

protection, transport, secretion, metabolic activities

27
Q

four types of tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

28
Q

epithelial tissue

A

large sheets of cells covering all surfaces of the body exposed to the outside world and outside or organs. all three germ layers

29
Q

connective tissue

A

binds cells and organs of body together and functions in protection, support and integration of all parts of the body

30
Q

muscle tissue

A

excitable, repos ding to stimulation and contracting to movement

31
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

32
Q

nervous tissue

A

excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

33
Q

apical

A

free surface of epithelial cel

34
Q

basal surface

A

close to underlying body structure

35
Q

basement membrane

A

basal laminate
reticular lamina

36
Q

functions of connective tissue

A

support and connect tissues
protection
defend
transport
store surplus energy
thermal insulation

37
Q

loose connective tissue

A

mesh work of thin collagen and elastin fibers with cells, provides tensile strength

38
Q

types of connective tissue

A

areolar connective tissue
adipose connective tissue
reticular tissue

39
Q

dense connective tissue

A

reg dense- densely packed fibers arranged in parallel
irreg dense-intertwined array of fibers

40
Q

liquid connective tissue

A

blood-transport, honeostasis and immunity
lymph-transports fats, removes toxins, immune responses

41
Q

nervous tissue classes

A

neuron and neuroglia

42
Q

blood makeup

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma contains proteins, hormones, nutrients, and ions

43
Q

red blood cells

A

maintain gas exhange

44
Q

white blood cells

A

defend the body against infections

45
Q

platelets

A

hemostasis

46
Q

albumin

A

blood osmotic pressure and transport

47
Q

globulins

A

immune response

48
Q

fibrinogen

A

blood clot formation

49
Q

laminar flow

A

smooth long vessels

50
Q

turbulent flow

A

sharp turn, obstruction, high blood flow, sharp flow, rough surface

51
Q

reynolds number

A

R=inertia forces/ viscous forces
measure of turbulence to occur

52
Q

clinical sig

A

turbulent flow-cardiac murmurs, thrills

53
Q

high shear impact

A

induce platelet activation, aggregation, blood clottibg

Biomaterials (2 decks)

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