Cell and Molecular Biology

Question 1

The basic organizational unit of life

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Cell walls were first seen by ________ in 1665 as
he looked through a microscope at dead cells from the bark of an oak tree.

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

All cells contain _________, which carry genes in the form of DNA.

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

And all cells have ______, tiny complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the genes.

Answer 4

ribosomes

Question 5

_____means “true nucleus” (from the Greek eu, true, and karyon, kernel, referring to the nucleus

Answer 5

Eukaryote

Question 6

At the boundary of every cell, the ________ functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell

Answer 6

plasma membrane

Question 7

Organelles/cell parts that is only present in plant cell

Answer 7

Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Vacuole

Question 8

Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that
connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells

Answer 8

Plasmodesmata

Question 9

photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules

Answer 9

Chloroplast

Question 10

organelle where
cellular respiration occurs and
most ATP is generated

Answer 10

Mitochondrion

Question 11

Powerhouse of the cell

Answer 11

Mitochondrion

Question 12

complexes that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope

Answer 12

Ribosome

Question 13

organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

Answer 13

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

digestive
organelle where
macromolecules are
hydrolyzed

Answer 14

Lysosome

Question 15

network
of membranous sacs and tubes; active in
membrane synthesis and other synthetic
and metabolic processes; has rough
(ribosome-studded) and smooth regions

Answer 15

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

The
complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes
is called

Answer 16

Chromatin

Question 17

Within the nucleus, the DNA is organized into discrete
units called ________, structures that carry the genetic information.

Answer 17

chromosomes

Question 18

A typical human cell has _________ in its
nucleus; the exceptions are the sex cells (eggs and sperm),
which have only 23 chromosomes in humans.

Answer 18

46 chromosomes

Question 19

It is the site of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation of ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels.

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

The site of photosynthesis

Answer 20

Chloroplast

Question 21

The membranes of
the chloroplast divide the chloroplast space into three compartments: ____, ______ and ______.

Answer 21

the intermembrane space, the stroma, and the thylakoid space.

Question 22

_______ cells lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed
organelles, while ________ cells have internal membranes
that compartmentalize cellular functions.

Answer 22

Prokaryotic, eukaryotic

Question 23

The eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the _______ and carried out by the _____.

Answer 23

nucleus, ribosomes