Cell and Molecular Biology Flashcards
The basic organizational unit of life
Cell
Cell walls were first seen by ________ in 1665 as
he looked through a microscope at dead cells from the bark of an oak tree.
Robert Hooke
All cells contain _________, which carry genes in the form of DNA.
chromosomes
And all cells have ______, tiny complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the genes.
ribosomes
_____means “true nucleus” (from the Greek eu, true, and karyon, kernel, referring to the nucleus
Eukaryote
At the boundary of every cell, the ________ functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell
plasma membrane
Organelles/cell parts that is only present in plant cell
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Vacuole
Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that
connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
Plasmodesmata
photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
Chloroplast
organelle where
cellular respiration occurs and
most ATP is generated
Mitochondrion
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondrion
complexes that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
Ribosome
organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
Golgi apparatus
digestive
organelle where
macromolecules are
hydrolyzed
Lysosome
network
of membranous sacs and tubes; active in
membrane synthesis and other synthetic
and metabolic processes; has rough
(ribosome-studded) and smooth regions
Endoplasmic reticulum
The
complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes
is called
Chromatin
Within the nucleus, the DNA is organized into discrete
units called ________, structures that carry the genetic information.
chromosomes
A typical human cell has _________ in its
nucleus; the exceptions are the sex cells (eggs and sperm),
which have only 23 chromosomes in humans.
46 chromosomes
It is the site of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation of ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels.
Mitochondria
The site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
The membranes of
the chloroplast divide the chloroplast space into three compartments: ____, ______ and ______.
the intermembrane space, the stroma, and the thylakoid space.
_______ cells lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed
organelles, while ________ cells have internal membranes
that compartmentalize cellular functions.
Prokaryotic, eukaryotic
The eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the _______ and carried out by the _____.
nucleus, ribosomes
