Cell And Membrane Transport Flashcards
1
Q
Basis structural and functional units of living organism
A
Cell
2
Q
Invented the microscope in 1665
A
Robert Hooke
3
Q
According to Robert Hooke what is the “cell”?
A
Small room or compartment
4
Q
First describe a living cell in 1667
A
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
5
Q
Who formulated cell theory?
A
Matthias Jakob (MJ) Schleiden- 1838
Theodore Schwann- 1839
6
Q
What are the cell theory?
A
*All living things are made up of cell
*Cells are smallest working unit of all living thing
*All cell came from pre existing cells
7
Q
How many cell does the body contains?
A
10¹³ to 10¹⁴ cells around 300 different cell types
8
Q
Building block of proteins
A
Amino acids
9
Q
Largest cell in the body, which can be seen without an aid of microscope
A
Egg Cells
10
Q
Other name of egg cell
A
Ovum
11
Q
What are the different cell shapes?
A
Red blood cells
Columnar epithelia cells
Ovum cells
Smooth muscle cells
Nerve cells
Bone cells
Sperm cells
12
Q
Other word for nerve cells
A
Neuron
13
Q
Other words for bone cells
A
Osteocytes
14
Q
It is a variety of internal structures
A
Organelles
15
Q
Is a cell component that performs w specific function
A
Organelles
16
Q
Cells can be diverse as?
A
Multicellular and unicellular
17
Q
Examples of organelles?
A
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Rough ER, Cell Membrane
18
Q
What is the organisms must accomplish?
A
Uptake and processing of nutrients
Excertion of waste
Response to environment stimuli
Production
19
Q
Is a cell that has no organelle or nucleus but has a ribosome?
A
Prokaryotic cells
20
Q
What are the three layers of prokaryotic cells?
A
Capsule
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
21
Q
Is a hair like appendages which also involves in attachment
A
Fimbriae
22
Q
It assists the cell in movement
A
Flagella
23
Q
Is a building block of nucleic acid (RNA, DNA)
A
Nucleotide
24
Q
It is made up of phospholipid and proteins like eukaryotes
A
Cell membrane
25
Contains all the enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions, since there are no organelles.
Cytoplasm
26
A larger sub unit is 70s
Ribosomes
27
Region of cytoplasm that contains DNA
Nuclear body
28
Always circular and not associated with any protein to form chromatin
DNA
29
Small loops of DNA and used to exchange DNA between bacteria cells; often contains genes that gives resistance to antibiotics
Plasmid
30
Tightly folded region of the cell membrane containing all the membrane bound proteins required for respiration and photosynthesis
Mesosome
31
Thick polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall, used to sticking cells
Capsule
32
Used for propulsion, a rigid rotating helical shaped tail
Flagellum
33
Small protrusions outside the membrane which aid prokaryotes in attaching to surface.
Pili
34
A site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
35
Two sizes of ribosomes
70s , 80s
36
A ribosomes size that can be found on prokaryotes, chloroplast, and Mitochondria
70s
37
A ribosomes size that can be found on eukaryotic cells
80s
38
A group of 80s ribosomes that works together
Polysomes
39
A organelle that present on the eukaryotes only
Nucleus
40
An organelle that contains DNA on the chromosomes
Nucleus
41
Has an outer double layer nuclear membrane with nuclear pores
Nucleus
42
darkly stainable spherical body
Nucleolus
43
A large molecules can pass between the cytoplasm and nucleus through these pores.
Nuclear Pore
44
A very fine thread like combination of DNA and protein assist in the efficient packaging and regulation of DNA activity.
Chromatin
45
How many nucleus does human contains?
46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
46
A condensed chromatin thread that is only visible during mitosis and meiosis
Chromosomes
47
Consist both DNA and protein
Chromosomes
48
what is the Nuclei of human somatic cells?
diploid (2n) with 46 chromosomes
49
A symbol for Female
XX
50
A symbol for male
XY
51
The ribosome factory
Nucleolus
52
A dark region involved in making ribosomes and translating mRNA
Nucleolus
53
Who discovered Nucleolus
Felice Fontana in 1774
54
What is the common proteins?
Histones
55
What is coiled around the histones?
DNA
56
The basic repeating subunit of chromatin packaged inside the cell's nucleus
Nucleosomes
57
A system of membranous tubules and sacs
Endoplasmic Reticulum
58
Act as an internal transport system, allowing molecules to move one part of the cell to another.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
59
TRUE OR FALSE; does the quantity of ER inside the cell fluctuates depending on the cells activity?
TRUE
60
It is studded with the 80s ribosomes and is a site of protein synthesis
Rough ER
61
Where polypeptides converted into functional proteins
Smooth ER
62
Where proteins are prepared for secretion
Smooth ER
63
Site of lipid and steroid synthesis
Smooth ER
64
Has no 80s ribosomes
Smooth ER
65
Breakdown toxins by liver cells
Smooth ER
66
TRUE OR FALSE; does both types of ER transport materials throughout the cell?
TRUE
67
Who discovered mitochondria?
Albert Von Kolliker 1880
68
Who first observed the plastid
Andreas Franz Wilhelm (AFW) Schimper 1885
69
____ is present in plant cells and euglenoids
Plastid
70
Where does plastid present?
Plant cells and euglenoids
71
What are the three types of plastid?
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts
Chloroplasts
72
These are different color plastids containing carotenoids.
Chromoplasts
73
These are colourless plastid which store food materials
Leucoplasts
74
A type of leucoplasts that store starch
Amyloplasts
75
A type of leucoplasts that store proteins
Aleuronoplast
76
A type of leucoplasts that store lipids
Elaeioplasts
77
Green color plastids containing chlorophyll and carotenoids.
Chloroplasts
78
True or False; Chromoplasts are present in fruits, flower, and leaves.
True
79
A double membranous cell organelle
Chloroplasts
80
What do you call the matrix of chloroplast?
Stroma
81
What do you call the sacs of stroma?
Thylakoids
82
What makes the grana interconnected?
Fret membranes, stroma lamellae, intergranal membranes, stromal thylakoids.
83
where does chloroplast helps?
photosynthesis
84
What are the photosynthetic pigments of chloroplast?
chlorophylls, carotenes, and xanthophylls (carotenols)
85
The four major complexes of chloroplast
photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome b6- f complex and ATP synthase
86
Who discovered Golgi Apparatus?
Camillo Golgi (1898)
87
an Italian cytologist that discovered Golgi bodies in the nerve cells of barn owl
Camillo Golgi
88
Other name of Golgi Apparatus
Golgi bodies
Golgi complex
Dictyosome
89
Group of curved, flattened plate like compartments
Cisternae
90
what does cisternae produce?
network of tubules from periphery. These tubules end in spherical enzyme fille with vesicles
91
The packaging center of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
92
what are the functions of Golgi Apparatus?
pack enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates in their vesicles
produce lysosomes
secrete various enzymes, hormones and cell wall material
help in phragmoplast formation
93
these are small, spherical, single membrane bound structures present in cytoplasm
Microbodies
94
Different types of Microbodies
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Glyoxysomes
95
Who discover Lysosome?
Belgian scientist Christian de Duve 1995 in rat liver cells
96
who coined lysosomes
Nivicott 1950
97
small single membrane bound vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes, and produced from golgi complex
lysosome
98
what are the types of lysosomes?
primary lysosomes
secondary lysosomes (phagolysosome)
residual lysosomes
autolysosomes (autophagic lysosome)
99
Is a newly produced lysosome from golgi bodies
primary lysosomes
100
Formed by union of phagosome and primary lysosome, also called as digestive vacuole
secondary lysosomes (phagolysosome)
101
these are secondary lysosomes left with undigestive material which is thrown out by the exocytosis
residual lysosomes
102
Formed by union of primary lysosome and worn out cell organelles
autolysosomes (autophagic lysosome)
103
Common name of lysosomes
Suicidal bags of cells
time bombs of the cell
recycling centers
104
function of lysosomes
concerned with the intracellular digestion
contribute to ageing process
destroy old and non functional cells which bear them, which makes them suicidal bags
Recycling centers
105
used for removing reactive compounds from the cytoplasm
Peroxisomes
106
Detoxifies poisonous compounds
Peroxisomes
107
Discovered by Beevers and Breidenbach
Glyoxysomes/ Glyoxisome
108
Found in a fat storage tissue or germinating seeds, initiates conversion of fatty acids to sugar
Glyoxysomes/ Glyoxisome
109
Scaffolding of proteins that transport materials, position and move organelles, maintains and change cell shape
cytoskeleton
110
basis for cell division and organize enzymes into functional associations
cytoskeleton
111
What are the three structures of Cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments
Microtubules
112
known as contractile and made up of actin, and are common in motile cells. the smallest filaments- 6nm diameter
Microfilaments
113
a midsized filament- 10 nm diameter
Intermediate Filaments
114
a rigid, hallow tubes that made of tubulin. largest filament- 25 nm diameter
Microtubules
115
function of microtubules
maintain shape of the cell
serve as tracks for organelles to move along within the cells
grow out from the centrosome to plasma membrane forming centriole.
116
Consist of two bundles of microtubules at right angles to each other
Centriole
117
how many tubes bundle of every centriole contains?
9
118
TRUE OR FALSE; plants cells have larger vacuole compared to animal cells
True
119
What does the membrane of the vacuole called?
tonoplast
120
a semi permeable membrane
tonoplast
121
filled with a watery fluid called cell sap
vacuole
122
what does cell sap dissolve?
salts, sugars, organic acids, pigment and enzymes
123
what are the different types of vacuoles?
Contractile, Food, Gas, Storage
124
present in fresh water protozoans and some algae. Take part in digestion excretion and osmoregulation
Contractile Vacuole
125
what is osmoregulation
maintenance of water balance
126
these are the vacuoles containing food particles, produced due to phagocytosis cell
Food Vacuoles
127
these vacuoles contains gases and help in buoyancy
Gas Vacuoles
128
function like reservoirs and help in turgidity- flaccidity changes in plant cells
Storage Vacuoles
129
a semi permeable membrane present in cells. present below the cell wall and outermost membrane in animal cell
cell membrane
130
it is composed of phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol
cell membrane
131
who proposed the fluid mosaic model to describe the structure of plasma membrane .
S.J. Singer and G. Nicolson (1974)
132
functions of cell membrane
allows outward and inward movements of molecules
133
where does the movement of molecules from cell membrane takes place?
diffusion, osmosis, active transport, phagocytosis (Cell eating). pinocytosis (cell drinking)
134
is an outer non living, rigid layer of cell, present in bacterial cells, fungal cells and plant cells
cell wall
135
a permeable membrane chiefly composed of cellulose.
cell wall
136
gives rigidity, mechanical support, and protection to the cell
cell wall
137
what are the two types of plant cell wall?
primary (cellulose) cell wall
secondary (lignified) cell wall
