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Cell bio > Cell adhesion and communication > Flashcards

Cell adhesion and communication Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do unicellular organisms there to ?

A

Surfaces or food

- no permanent connection with other cells even tho in colonies

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2
Q

What is planktonic and sessile?

A 
Planktonic = freely exist in medium 
Sessile = attached to surface/ biofilm e.g agar
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3
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A
  • material produced by cells and secreted into surrounding medium
  • non- cellular
  • arthropods produce chitin
  • role in tissue development, function and disease
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4
Q

What are the mechanical roles of the ECM?

A

tensile + compressive strength

Elasticity

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5
Q

What are the protection roles of Ecm ?

A

buffer from extracellular change (pH)

Retention of water

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6
Q

What are the organisational roles of ECM?

A

bind growth factors and interact with cell-surface receptors

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7
Q

Describe connective tissue features

A 
low cell density 
abundent in ECM
ECM load bearing 
Cell attachments to ECM = force transmission 
in bones and tendons
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8
Q

Describe epithelial tissue features

A

closely bound into epithelial sheets

Gut lining and skin epidermis

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9
Q

How does specialisation occur?

A

highly mineralised in bone + teeth
Transparent in cornea
Elastin in tendons
Liquid in blood plasma

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10
Q

Describe the structure of cellulose

A

Glucose polymer
1-4 linkage
cellulose strands for in cell mem via cellulose synthase rosettes

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11
Q

Describe the structure of hemicellulose

A

cross link cellulose microfibrils

backbone = glucose residues (glycosylated)

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12
Q

What contributes to the jell like structure of the matrix?

A

pectin polysaccharides

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13
Q

What regulates the fluidity of the ECM?

A

calcium abundance - more ca - more cross links - stiffer

Methylation prevents crosslinks - more fluid

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14
Q

What does pectin methylesterase (PME) do?

A

Demethylase pectin via ca++ bridges

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15
Q

Why are bacterial ECM different?

A

its a capsule composed of high molecular weight polysaccharides

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16
Q

What are the three types if cell junctions?

A

Occluding
Anchoring
Communicating

17
Q

What are the main roles of the 3 cell junctions?

A 
Occluding = impermeable barrier 
Anchoring = mechanical support (attachment)
Communicating = exchange of chemical/electrical info between cells
18
Q

Why do epithelial cells need tight junctions ?

A

they are polar

19
Q

What cells secrete matrix macromolecules ?

A

fibroblast cells

20
Q

What cells form bone ?

A

Osteoblasts

21
Q

what cells from cartilage ?

A

Chondroblasts

22
Q

What are the properties of GAGs ?

A

acidic
-ve = na + attracted to them = attracts water so gel forms = BULKING AGENT
compressive strength
Metabolically cheap

23
Q

How are GAGs bonded to proteoglycans ?

A

Covalently

24
Q

What are proteoglycans ?

A

a serine rich protein decorated with hundreds of O linked acidic, sulphated GAGs

25
Q

How does the ECM contribute to cell growth ?

A 
Bind chemokines at inflammatory sites (prolonging WBC attracting activity)
Block certain proteins 
Oligomerises FGF (fibroblast growth factor) = easier binding to its tyrosine-kinase receptor
26
Q

Why does the lack of vitamin c weaken collagen?

A

Unhydroxylated collagen is destroyed

Vit C is the cofactor for proline hydroxylase which forms hydroxyproline post translationally

27
Q

What do the types of collagen do?

A

I - skin, bones, tendons
II - Cartilage
IX and XII- flexible and link type I and II
IV and VII - Mesh structure around the basal lamina

28
Q

What does the basal lamina do ?

A

Adds polarity

Separates epithelial sheets, fat or muscle from connective tissue

29
Q

What structure does microfibrils act as a scaffold guide for ?

A

Elastin formation

30
Q

What do cerebral organoids model?

A

Human brain development and microcephaly

31
Q

What are organoids?

A

3D cellular clusters, derived from stem cells, self renewal and organisation

32
Q

What are the four proteins/ molecules involved in tight junctions?

A

Claudin
Junction adhesion molecules (JAM)
Occludin
Zonula occluding family proteins

Cell bio (4 decks)

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