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Pathology I > Cell Adaptaton > Flashcards

Cell Adaptaton Flashcards

1
Q

This condition is caused by poor nutrition and is characterized by dilated lymphatics with a jelly-like substance on the outer surface of the heart.

What is the name of this type of atrophy?

A

Serous atrophy of fat

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2
Q

How is brain atrophy characterized?

A

Gyri are narrowed

Sulci are widened

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3
Q

Serous Atrophy of Fat can occur on the heart and the in the bone marrow. T / F

A

TRUE!!

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4
Q

What is the name of this type of Atrophy?

A

Serous Atrophy of Fat

Jelly-like material occurs in the middle (arrow) where bone marrow should be.

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5
Q

What type of atrophy is this?

A

Severe Compression Atrophy (due to hydrocephalus), cat

Hydrocephalus - CSF is not being removed fast enough, increasing intracellular pressure

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6
Q

What type of Hypertrophy is this?

A

Physiologic Hypertrophy

Examples:

  • Pregnant Uterus
  • Weightlifter
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7
Q

When a weightlifter bulks up in size this is an example of what?

A

Physiologic Hypertrophy

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8
Q

This condition is:

A. Left concentric hypertrophy, Right eccentric hypertrophy

B. Right concentric hypertrophy, Left eccentric hypertrophy

C. Concentric cardiac hypertrophy, bilateral

D. Eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, bilateral

A

Eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, bilateral

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9
Q

This condition is:

A. Left concentric hypertrophy, Right eccentric hypertrophy

B. Right concentric hypertrophy, Left eccentric hypertrophy

C. Concentric cardiac hypertrophy, bilateral

D. Eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, bilateral

A

Left concentric cardiac hypertrophy with right eccentric hypertrophy

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10
Q

This disease is:

  • common in Main Coon Cats
  • caused by Mutation in the MYBPC3 gene
  • is an inherited autosomal dominant mutation

What is the name of this condition?

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

  • a type of pathological hypertrophy
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11
Q

What does Atrophy, Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy have in common?

A
  • all are adaptive changes
  • they can occur physiologically or pathologically
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12
Q

Hyperplasia is:

A. Increase in cell number

B. Capable of cell replication

C. Physiological (Hormonal, Compensatory)

D. Pathological (Epidermal thickening, Respiratory mucosa)

E. B and C only

F. All of the above

A

All of the above

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13
Q

Give two examples of Physiological Hyperplasia.

A
  • Hormonal - breast cell numbers increase during pregnancy
  • Compensatory - Hepatectomy, so other liver lobe must increase in size to compensate
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14
Q

Give two examples of Pathological Hyperplasia.

A
  1. Repeated irritation causing -> epidermal thickening
  2. Viral infections - more respiratory mucosa
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15
Q

“Most commonly caused by excessive hormonal or growth factor stimulation”

Is this Hyperplasia pathological or physiological?

A

Pathological hyperplasia

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16
Q

This is an example of what type of Hyperplasia?

A

Pathological Hyperplasia

Epidermal Thickening: Deep thick layers invaginating deep down.

17
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cats is an example of:

A. Hormonal (physiological) hyperplasia

B. Epidermal (pathological) hyperplasia

C. Respiratory (pathological) hyperplasia

D. Compensatory (physiological) hyperplasia

E. B and C

A

Epidermal pathological hyperplasia

  • cats usually get SCC in the pinna of the ear
  • hyperplasia leads to dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
18
Q

What is the MDx of this condition?

A

MDx: Fibrous hyperplasia

(formerly part of fibrous or fibramatous epulis, gingival hypertrophy)

19
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

A change in phenotype of a differentiated cell;

One cell type is changed to another cell type.

20
Q

_______________is the response to chronic irritation.

A

Metaplasia

21
Q

Metaplasia results in:

  1. increase/decreased function
  2. increased / decreased risk of malignant transformation
A
  1. DECREASED function
  2. INCREASED risk for malignant transformations
22
Q

Give 4 examples of Metaplasia

A
  1. Chronic irritation in the lungs (smokers)
  2. Vitamin A Deficiency
  3. Estrogen toxicity
  4. Intra mammary tumors
23
Q

Is this an example of atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia or dysplasia?

A

Dysplasia: Squamous cell carcinoma in situ

“Carcinoma in situ” because is a neoplastic process so the word dysplasia is replaced with carcinoma in situ.

24
Q

Is this an example of atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia or dystrophy?

A

Gastric Hypertrophy

MDx: Stomach, diffused marked chronic gastric hypertrophy

EDx: Cryptosporidium serpentis

(increase in size of the mucosa)

25
Q

Feline: Is this an example of atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia or dystrophy?

A

Gastric lymphoid Hyperplasia

*white nodules are the increased cell number growth*

Feline, Stomach

MDx: stomach, gastric lymphoid hyperplasia, multifocal

26
Q

Canine: Is this an example of atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia or dystrophy?

A

Hyperplasia

MDx: Liver, hepatic multifocal hyperplasia

Nodules present therefore hyperplasia

27
Q

Canine: Is this an example of atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia or dystrophy?

A

Atrophy

MDx1: Kidney, hydronephrosis with secondary severe diffuse coritcal atrophy

MDx2: Ureter, hydroureter

*we do not need to know these right now but I included MDx; just need to know that this is atrophy.

Pathology I (4 decks)

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