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BRS Physiology > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of drugs that inhibit Na K ATPase (active transport)

A

Oubain, Digitalis

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2
Q

Inhibitors of H-K Atpase (active transport)?

A

Omeprazole

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3
Q

what is the resting membrane potential of rhe cell (in mV)?

A

-70 mV

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4
Q

Examples of a drug / substance that blocks na channels thereby abolishing action potentials?

A

lidocaine, tetrodotoxin

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5
Q

Drug / substance that blocks K gated channels?

A

Tetraethylammonium (TEA)

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6
Q

Na+ equilibrium potential in mV?

A

+65 mV

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7
Q

K+ equilibrium potential in mV?

A

-85 mV

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8
Q

Substance that blocks the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminals?

A

Botulinus toxin

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9
Q

Substance that competes with acetylcholine for receptors on motor end plate?

A

Curare

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10
Q

Substance that inhibits acetylcholinesterase?
(Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

It also prolongs and enhances the action of acetylcholine on the motor end plate.

A

Neostigmine

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11
Q

Substance that blocks reuptake of choline into the presynaptic terminal thereby depleting acetylcholine stores from the presynaptic terminal?

A

Hemicholinium

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12
Q

5 Examples of excitatory neurotransmitters?

A 
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
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13
Q

Cl- equilibrium potential in mV?

A

-90 mV

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14
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

Glycine

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15
Q

Primary transmitter released from the postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

A

Norepinephrine

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16
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine?

A

Phenylethanolamine-N-Methyltransferase

17
Q

Neurotransmitter that inhibits prolactin? (aka prolactin inhibiting factor)

A

Dopamine

18
Q

Neurotransmitter primarily found in the midbrain?

A

Dopamine

19
Q

Neurotransmitter primarily found in the brainstem?

A

Serotonin

20
Q

Most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

A

Glutamate

21
Q

4 subtypes of glutamate receptors?

A

3 ionotropic receptors (i.e. N Metyl D Aspartate [NMDA] receptor)
1 metabotropic receptor

22
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Glutamate to GABA?

A

Glutamate Decarboxylase

23
Q

The 2 types of GABA receptors are GABA-A and GABA-B. What are their functions?

A

GABA-A: increases Cl conduction; site of action of benzodiazepines and barbiturates
GABA-B: increases K conductance

24
Q

Enzyme that converts Arginine to Citruline and Nitric Oxide?

A

Nitric oxide synthase

25
Q

Accounts for the unique banding pattern of striated muscles?

A

Sarcomere (repeating units)

26
Q

Description of thick filaments in a myofibril?

A
  1. Present in the A band
  2. Contain Myosin
  3. Has 6 polypeptide chains, one pair of heavy and 2 pairs of light chains
27
Q

Description of thin filaments in a myofibril?

A
  1. present in I bands
  2. anchorws in z lines
  3. contains actin, troponin, tropomyosin
28
Q

Regulatory protein that permits cross bridge formation when it binds to calcium?

A

Troponin

29
Q

Site of Ca storage and release in the muscle for excitation-contraction coupling?

A

Sarcolplasmic Reticulun

30
Q

Calcium release channel

A

Ryanodine receptor (located at the SR)

31
Q

SERCA (SR Ca ATPase) funnction?

A

reuptake of intracellular Ca

32
Q

Isometric contraction vs Isotonic contraction?

A

Isometric contractions - measured when LENGTH is held constant; preload; NO shortening
Isotonic - measured when LOAD is held
constant; afterload; SHORTENING is measured

33
Q

Types of smooth muscle

A
  1. Multi unit smooth muscle - iris, ciliary body of the lens, vas deferens; behaves as separate motor units; densely innervated (controlled by ANS)
  2. Unitary (single unit) smooth muscle - most common, uterus, GI tract, ureter, bladder; spontaneously active (exhibits slow wave) and exhibits pacemaker activity
  3. Vascular smooth muscle - has properties of both multi and single unit smooth muscles

BRS Physiology (2 decks)

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