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A Dent Board Exam Reviewer 📒 > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Regulates the passage of subs. in & out of the cell

A

Plasma membrane / cytoplasmic membrane

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2
Q

Covered by phospholipid bilayer called nuclear envelope
Contains DNA & RNA

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Thread like structure that carries genetic information

A

Chromosome

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4
Q

Material that makes up chromosome
DNA + histones “bead on strings”

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

Guides the coiling of DNA / attachment

A

Chromatin

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6
Q

Chromosome copy

A

Chromatid

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7
Q

Chromatids that are bound to each other by a centromere

A

Sister chromatids

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8
Q

Contains nucleolus

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Responsible for ribosomal synthesis

A

Nucleolus

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10
Q

Powerhouse of the cell
Generates ATP

A

Mitochondria

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11
Q

Mechanisms for ATP production in cytoplasm

A

Glycolysis
Direct phosphorylation

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12
Q

Glycolysis by products

A

2 ATP l 2 puruvic acid l 4 hydrogen

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13
Q

Direct phosphorylation byproducts

A

1 ATP l1 creatinine

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14
Q

Mechanisms for ATP production in mitochondria

A

Kreb cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

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15
Q

Kreb cycle by products

A

2 ATP l 16 hydrogen I 4 CO2 l 2 coenzyme A

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16
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation byproducts

A

34 ATP l Max of 38

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17
Q

Site for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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18
Q

Basic structures of proteins

A

Amino acids

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19
Q

Amino acids are made up of what elements

A

CHON

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20
Q

2 examples of essential amino acids that the body is capable of producing but are very few

A

Arginine and histidine

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21
Q

Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that can’t be produced without the help of?

A

Phenylalanine

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22
Q

Types of RNA

A

rRna
mRna
tRna

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23
Q

Forms ribosomes (translates the mRna)

A

rRNA

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24
Q

Carries genetic information of DNA; end product of transcription

A

mRNA

25
Q

Carries amino acids to the ribosomes during translation

A

tRNA

26
Q

Site of: steroid synthesis l lipogenesis l detoxification

A

Smooth E.R

27
Q

Packaged products of Golgi A.
Responsible for apoptosis “programmed cell death”

A

Lysosomes

28
Q

Types of nuclear changes during apoptosis

A

KPK
Karyolysis - nuclear fading / dissolution
Pyknosis - nuclear shrinkage
Karyorrhexis - fragmentation

29
Q

Holds chromosomes during cell division
Contains pair of centrioles made up of microtubulles arranged in CARTWHEEL PATTERN

A

Centrosome

30
Q

Increases surface area of the cell that increases its absorption property

A

Microvilli

31
Q

“Brush border” presentation

A

Microvilli

32
Q

“9+ 2 pattern” arrangement in microtubules
Common in respiratory epithelium and Fallopian tube

A

Cilia

33
Q

Made up of axoneme l longer than Alia

A

Flagella

34
Q

The longest phase of cellular division

A

Interphase

35
Q

Division of somatic cells; results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells (diploid)

A

Mitosis (pmat)

36
Q

PMAT is also known as?

A

Karykokinesis

37
Q

Division of sex cells

A

Meiosis

38
Q

What is the phenomenon wherein homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis

A

Synapsis

39
Q

Sharing of DNA of 2 homologous chromosomes, also known as the “crossing over” or “chiasmata formation” of choosiness is called?

A

Recombination

40
Q

Enzyme that causes the DNA molecule to split or unzip?

A

🧬 helices

41
Q

Total body fluid volume

A

60% - H2O ( 40% - intracellular fluid l 20% - extracellular fluid)

17% - proteins
15% - fats
1% - carbohydrates
7.1% - others

42
Q

Blood volume

A

8%

43
Q

Movement of mol. Across the cell membrane w/0 using ATP

A

Passive transport

44
Q

Movt of solutes from higher concentration gradient to a lower concentration gradient

A

Simple diffusion

45
Q

Carrier mediated transport since it needs carrier proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

46
Q

Movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane from low osmotic pressure to high osmotic pressure

A

Osmosis

47
Q

What is the most important protein that increases the osmotic pressure op the blood?

A

Albumin

48
Q

Mov’t of molecules from ↓ concentration gradient to high concentration gradient that uses ATP

A

Active transport

49
Q

What are the non-insulin dependent tissues?

A

BRICKLE
(Brain, red blood cells, intestines, cornea, kidney,liver, exercising skeletal muscles

50
Q

Most # cation in ECF

A

Sodium

51
Q

Least # cation in ECF

A

Potassium

52
Q

Least #cation in ICF

A

Sodium

53
Q

Most # anion in ECF

A

Chlorine

54
Q

Least #anion in ECF

A

Bicarbonate ( HCO 3-)

55
Q

Most #cation in ICF

A

Potassium

56
Q

Least # anion in ICF

A

Chlorine (CI)

57
Q

Least # anion in ICF

A

Chlorine (CI)

58
Q

Most important buffer of the blood plasma - 7.4 av.

A

Bicarbonate

59
Q

Most #anion in ICF; act as buffer in blood plasma

A

Phosphate (PO4-)

A Dent Board Exam Reviewer 📒 (3 decks)

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