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GEN BIO > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Basic building block of life.

A

Cell

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2
Q

Protects the surface of the body and the cavities within.

A

Epithelial cells

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3
Q

Help to support and protect the body.

A

Bone cells

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4
Q

Smallest unit of a living thing.

A

Cell

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5
Q

Several cells of the same kind interconnect w/ each other and perform shared functions to form tissues. Happens in what type of organism?

A

Multicellular organism

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6
Q

(Unified Theory) New cells come from pre-existing cells through what?

A

Cell division

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7
Q

'’pro’’/’‘karyon’’ (Prokaryotic cells)

A

before/ nucleus

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8
Q

'’eu’’ (Eukaryotic cells)

A

true

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9
Q

Synthesizes the proteins in the cell.

A

Ribosome

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10
Q

Contains the Genetic material of the cell.

A

DNA

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11
Q

The jelly-like substance in the cell where the cellular components are found.

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

An outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment.

A

Plasma membrane

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13
Q

Single-celled (Unicellular)

A

Prokaryotic cell

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14
Q

A type of cell that lacks nucleus and other membrane-bound organelle.

A

Prokaryotic cell

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15
Q

Organelle that acts as a protection, helps maintain shape, and prevents dehydration.

A

Cell wall

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16
Q

Where is the DNA of prokaryotic cell located?

A

The central part, the darkened part called nucleoid

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17
Q

Used for locomotion

A

Flagella/Cilia

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18
Q

Used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called ———

A

Pili/Conjugation

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19
Q

Made up of phospholipid bilayer embedded w/ proteins.

A

Plasma Membrane

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20
Q

Specialized in absorption folded into fingerlike protections.

A

Microvilli

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21
Q

This is a network of protein fibers that maintain the shape of the cell.

A

The Cytoskeleton

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22
Q

The 3 types of microfilaments in cytoskeleton.

A

Actin filaments, Intermediate filaments, microtubules

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23
Q

What is the compound that strengthens hair and nails? it forms one type of intermediate filaments.

A

Keratin

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24
Q

These are hollow tubes that can dissolve and reform quickly.

A

Microtubules

25
Q

They guides the organelle movement and are the structures that pull chromosomes to their poles during cell division.

A

Microtubules

26
Q

They are also the structural components of flagella and cilia.

A

Microtubules

27
Q

A region near the nucleus of animal cells that functions a a microtubule-organizing center.

A

Centrosome

28
Q

Responsible for pulling the duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the dividing cell.

A

Centrioles

29
Q

It replicates itself before a cell divides.

A

Centrosome

30
Q

Long hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and are used to move an entire cell. When present in cell it has just one or few.

A

Flagella

31
Q

Short hair-like structures that are used to move entire cells or move substances along the outer surface of the cell. Many in number extended along the entire surface of the plasma membrane.

A

Cilia

32
Q

'’Endo’’ means?

A

within

33
Q

A group of membranes and organelle that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins. Eukaryotic cells.

A

The endomembrane system

34
Q

Parts of nucleus

A

Nucleolus, Chromatin, Nucleoplasm, Nuclear pore, Nuclear envelope

35
Q

The 2 phospholipid bilayers of Nuclear envelope.

A

inner and outer membrane

36
Q

Chromosome number of fruit flies.

A

8

37
Q

Chromosome number of the human.

A

46

38
Q

ER that modify proteins.

A

Rough ER

39
Q

ER that synthesize lipids.

A

Smooth ER

40
Q

What do we call the hollow portion of the ER?

A

Lumen or cisternal space

41
Q

Synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxification of medications and poisons; alcohol metabolism; and storage of calcium ions.

A

Smooth ER

42
Q

What organelle do the sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins?

A

Golgi apparatus

43
Q

Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?

A

Camillo Golgi

44
Q

Vacuoles are somewhat larger than —-

A

Vesicles

45
Q

If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death or?

A

Apoptosis

46
Q

The formation of ATP from the breakdown of glucose is known as?

A

Cellular respiration

47
Q

Location of DNA

A

Nucleoid

48
Q

Cell organelle that houses the DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

A

Nucleus

49
Q

ATP production and cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

50
Q

Oxidizes and break down fatty acids, and amino acids and detoxifies proteins

A

Peroxisomes

51
Q

Storage and transport, digestive function in plant cells

A

Vesicles and vacuoles

52
Q

Organizing center of microtubules in animal cells

A

Centrosome

53
Q

Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles

A

Lysosomes

54
Q

Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape

A

Cell wall

55
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

56
Q

Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids, and protection

A

Golgi apparatus

57
Q

Cellular locomotion

A

Flagella

58
Q

Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane and filtration

A

Cilia

59
Q

Maintains cell’s shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell and enables unicellular organisms to move independently

A

Cytoskeleton

GEN BIO (8 decks)

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