Cell Flashcards
Basic building block of life.
Cell
Protects the surface of the body and the cavities within.
Epithelial cells
Help to support and protect the body.
Bone cells
Smallest unit of a living thing.
Cell
Several cells of the same kind interconnect w/ each other and perform shared functions to form tissues. Happens in what type of organism?
Multicellular organism
(Unified Theory) New cells come from pre-existing cells through what?
Cell division
'’pro’’/’‘karyon’’ (Prokaryotic cells)
before/ nucleus
'’eu’’ (Eukaryotic cells)
true
Synthesizes the proteins in the cell.
Ribosome
Contains the Genetic material of the cell.
DNA
The jelly-like substance in the cell where the cellular components are found.
Cytoplasm
An outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment.
Plasma membrane
Single-celled (Unicellular)
Prokaryotic cell
A type of cell that lacks nucleus and other membrane-bound organelle.
Prokaryotic cell
Organelle that acts as a protection, helps maintain shape, and prevents dehydration.
Cell wall
Where is the DNA of prokaryotic cell located?
The central part, the darkened part called nucleoid
Used for locomotion
Flagella/Cilia
Used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called ———
Pili/Conjugation
Made up of phospholipid bilayer embedded w/ proteins.
Plasma Membrane
Specialized in absorption folded into fingerlike protections.
Microvilli
This is a network of protein fibers that maintain the shape of the cell.
The Cytoskeleton
The 3 types of microfilaments in cytoskeleton.
Actin filaments, Intermediate filaments, microtubules
What is the compound that strengthens hair and nails? it forms one type of intermediate filaments.
Keratin
These are hollow tubes that can dissolve and reform quickly.
Microtubules
They guides the organelle movement and are the structures that pull chromosomes to their poles during cell division.
Microtubules
They are also the structural components of flagella and cilia.
Microtubules
A region near the nucleus of animal cells that functions a a microtubule-organizing center.
Centrosome
Responsible for pulling the duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the dividing cell.
Centrioles
It replicates itself before a cell divides.
Centrosome
Long hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane and are used to move an entire cell. When present in cell it has just one or few.
Flagella
Short hair-like structures that are used to move entire cells or move substances along the outer surface of the cell. Many in number extended along the entire surface of the plasma membrane.
Cilia
'’Endo’’ means?
within
A group of membranes and organelle that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins. Eukaryotic cells.
The endomembrane system
Parts of nucleus
Nucleolus, Chromatin, Nucleoplasm, Nuclear pore, Nuclear envelope
The 2 phospholipid bilayers of Nuclear envelope.
inner and outer membrane
Chromosome number of fruit flies.
8
Chromosome number of the human.
46
ER that modify proteins.
Rough ER
ER that synthesize lipids.
Smooth ER
What do we call the hollow portion of the ER?
Lumen or cisternal space
Synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxification of medications and poisons; alcohol metabolism; and storage of calcium ions.
Smooth ER
What organelle do the sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins?
Golgi apparatus
Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?
Camillo Golgi
Vacuoles are somewhat larger than —-
Vesicles
If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death or?
Apoptosis
The formation of ATP from the breakdown of glucose is known as?
Cellular respiration
Location of DNA
Nucleoid
Cell organelle that houses the DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Nucleus
ATP production and cellular respiration
Mitochondria
Oxidizes and break down fatty acids, and amino acids and detoxifies proteins
Peroxisomes
Storage and transport, digestive function in plant cells
Vesicles and vacuoles
Organizing center of microtubules in animal cells
Centrosome
Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles
Lysosomes
Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape
Cell wall
Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids, and protection
Golgi apparatus
Cellular locomotion
Flagella
Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane and filtration
Cilia
Maintains cell’s shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell and enables unicellular organisms to move independently
Cytoskeleton
