Cecere - SA Vaginal Cytology & Breeding Mgmt

Question 1

Increase of estrogen release produces what response on the vaginal epithelium?

Answer 1

It increases the thickness of the stratified squamous epithelium in order to protect from trauma (fetus)

Question 2

Technique for vagina cytology

Answer 2

1. Obtain sample with cotton swab (go in perpendicular to the ground), avoiding the urethra!!
2. Roll onto slide + diff quick stain
3. Scan @ 10x

Question 3

Cell population sampled from vagina during proestrus

Answer 3

Estrogen levels are highest (SA)
- SF epithelial cells (corn flakes)
- RBCs (diapedesis from uterus)
- WBCs

Question 4

Cell population sampled from vagina during estrus

Answer 4

> 90% of SF epithelial cells (large angular cells with no/small nuclei)

Question 5

Diestral changes:

Answer 5

• vulvular swelling decreases (b/c E2 decreasing)
• vulvar d/c disappears
• cytology within 24h period of shift from estrus -> diestrus = abrupt change to parabaslar cells (“round fried eggs”) + influx of neutrophils (non-toxic)
• P4 peaks @ 3 weeks, and Prolactin comes in halfway thru and is luteotrophic

Question 6

What is vaginal cytology useful for clinically?

Answer 6

1. Influence of E2 (SF epithelial cells = corn flakes)
2. Pathologic versus non-pathologic presence of neutrophils
3. Determine accurate due date (the switch from corn flakes to round fried eggs = diestral shift)

Question 7

What amount of P4 = no luteal tissue present?

Answer 7

< 1ng/ml

Question 8

What amount of P4 = LH peak?

Answer 8

2 ng/ml

Question 9

What amount of P4 = ovulation?

Answer 9

5 ng/ml

Question 10

In the bitch, ovulation occurs 24-48h after LH peak, and takes 24-48h to complete. Why must you wait an additional 24-48h to AI a bitch?

Answer 10

B/c bitches only release primary oocytes (non-fertile) during ovulation. It takes 24-48h for 1º oocytes to meiotically divide into 2º oocytes (fertile) - transition is dependent on fast P4 rises

Question 11

Canine Brucellosis

Answer 11

• Causes abortion in females
• Causes orchitis/epididymitis in males
• NON treatable for breeding stock, so testing in breeding animals is imperative!
• ZOONOTIC
• dx = PCR @ KSU

Question 12

What tests are confirmatory for canine brucellosis?

Answer 12

PCR and culture

Question 13

If a dog is negative for Brucella cannis but is showing clinical signs, what step to take next?

Answer 13

3 monthly tests required to rule out a false negative