Cebra- Midterm 2 Bovine Gastric Disorders Flashcards
Define ruminoreticular disease
indigestion
What does good forestomach function require
joint coordination of motor function and microbial fermentation
What is bloat? What causes it?
distention of the rumen by gas
too much gas production or something preventing it from leaving
What is overproduction of gas not nearly as important as?
- physical obstruction of esophagus
- physical obstruction of cardia
- motor dysfunction
- chemical inhibition
When is bloat considered a primary problem?
when respiratory function is impaired
Is vagal indigestion a acute or chronic disease?
it is generally a chronic, gradually progressive disease
Describe types of vagal indigestion
type 1: motor dysfunction (bloat)
type 2: Omasal transport failure
inflammation
physically damaged the nerve
created adhesions (hardwear dz)
Describe the L shape in regard to hypermotile failure of omasal transport
-dorsal distention on left side, bilateral ventral distention
rumen is L shaped and you can feel the shel “ventral sack” or
What stimulates ruminal hypermotility
distention or gas accumulation
so essentially you will be seeing more ruminal contractions (like 5 /min)
What occurs when the rumen distention becomes extreme?
hypomotility follows
CS of hypermotile failure of omasal transport (Type 2) aka anterior functional stenosis
firm rumen- full of feed material
decreased fecal production
“L shape”
-large stomach but a declining appetite
-history of previous
Describe type 3 Vagal indigestion
pyloric outflow failure aka posterior functional stenosis
-this causes ingesta to accumulate in the abomasum, omasum and the rumen
eventully the forestomach fills with chloride- rich gastric fluid
metabolic alkolosis
hypochloremia systemically
chronic disorder but p starts showing CS around 10 days
What are big history canadites in a patient that could lead to type 3 vagal indigestion
ruptured abomasal ulcers with adhesions
DA
temporary ischemia during abomasal volvulus
vagal lesions
How do you destabalize the foam in frothy bloat?
Poloxalene- a detergent thats a foam destabalizer
Define traumatic reticulitis
ingestion of sharp usually metallic foreign objects which perforate the reticular wall
What can result if traumatic reticulitis is severe?
peritonitis, pleuritis or pericarditis
Clinical signs of traumatic reticulitis
febrile
completely anorexic
completely agalactic
refuses to ventroflex on scooch test
ruminations are usually absent
What is forestomach acidosis
What are the 5 ways cows protect the rumen from acid
non-ionized VFAs are readily absorbed across the rumen wall,
ruminal papillation helps increase surface area when VFA production is high
contraction cycles
ruminal outflow drains VFA into the abomasum and intestines
salivary flow and bicarb content increase
What bacteria likes to over proliferate in carbohydrates are abundant? What are their end products?
streptococcus bovis!
makes D- and L-lactic acid as their end products which are stronger than VFAs
What happens when streptococcus bovis is abundant?
pH drops
protozoa and lactate using bacteria are killed off
there is a shift away from gram negative bacteria and towards gram + bacteria
systemic dehydration bc rumen becomes fluid distended and splashy!!!!!
What bacteria thrive when rumen pH drops below 4.5?
lactobacillus spp. which produce lactic acid
What does the die off of gram negative organisms in forestomach acidosis cause?
endotoxemia which can lead to fungal or bacterial invasion
What does the acidity of fluid in ruminal acidosis do?
cause chemical injury to the epithelium
What does subclinical acidosis result in
change in health + performance (milk fat depression) without causing overt clinical abnormalities
What does Clinical rumen acidosis result in
can be medical emergency
endoxoxemia
tachypnea
tachycardia
acidic pH of rumen fluid
What can occur to animals with rumen acidosis if they don’t have a rumenotomy
relapse in the next day 1-3 days due to continued fermentation
What test should I run to diagnose ruminal acidosis?
pass a tube, get a rumen sample and run a rumen pH (shouldn’t be below 5.8)
What are the hallmarks of the bloodwork in patients with ruminal acidosis
left shift + neutropenia
acidosis
hyperlactemia
azotemia
hyperchloremic
What test should I run if I am worried about salivary contamination or if I am looking to rule out subclinical acidosis
percutaneous rumen centesis thru left flank into the fluid portion of the rumen
