CE_Objective 1.1

Question 1

Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc) (AKA Construction Manager at Risk)

Answer 1

• A person or group providing construction management services like a GC.
• It is called “at risk” because the CMc is subject to the same financial and performance criteria as a GC, but includes construction management services.

Construction Manager as Constructor, also called CMc, is a person or group providing construction management services like a GC. It is called “at risk” because the CMc is subject to the same financial and performance criteria as a GC, rather than simply providing the services of the construction manager by itself.

Question 2

Contract drawings

Answer 2

• Drawings that contain plans, sections and details produced by Architect.
• Components of contract documents
• Form Contract between Owner and Contractor.

The contract drawings, which include the plans, sections, and details produced by the Architect, are a component of the contract documents, which form the overall contract between the Owner and Contractor.

Question 3

Cost Plus (time and material, T&M pricing)

Answer 3

• Type of compensation for which the Contractor can use to bid/construct the work.
• Includes the actual cost to construct the work, and a defined fee.

Cost plus fee is a type of compensation which the Contractor can use to bid/construct the work: it includes the actual cost to construct the work, as well as a defined fee. The Architect should be aware of these compensation options during construction as it may affect the quality of the work, likelihood of claims being brought by the Contractor, frequency of change orders, etc.

Question 4

Design-Bid-Build

Answer 4

-Most Common delivery Method and will be tested for the ARE
-Involves design team creating bid set documents. Multiple contractors enter bids.
Winning bid will construct the project.
-Owner holds contract with Architect (B101),
and separate contract with Contractor (A101).

Design bid build is a common project delivery method, and the primary delivery method tested on the ARE. This delivery method involves the design team creating a set of bid documents on which multiple contractors will enter bids, with one winning bidder ultimately being chosen to construct the work. The Owner holds a contract with the Architect and separate contract with the Contractor.

Question 5

Design-Negotiate-Build

Answer 5

• Similar to D-B-B, but instead of project going out to bid, the Owner negotiates with individual Contractors directly.
• Owner may have an increased interest in work quality and performance from Contractor.

Design-Negotiate-Build is very similar to Design-Bid-Build, but instead of putting a project out to bid, the Owner negotiates with individual Contractors directly. The construction process is otherwise similar to the standard delivery method, though the Owner may have an increased interest in the quality or performance of the Contractor as a result of the negotiation process.

Question 6

Design-Build

Answer 6

• Owner works directly with one entity/ team that both designs and constructs the project

Design-Build is a kind of project delivery where the Owner works directly with one team that both designs and constructs the project. During construction, the designer’s role will vary greatly depending on whether the designer or the constructor leads the process.

Question 7

Addenda

Answer 7

• Any changes made to the bid documents (during bidding) that are made for clarification.
• Are then sent to all bidders, and become part of the contract documents.

Issued during bidding by the architect to clarify or modify the bidding documents. Addenda are sent to all bidders, and become part of the contract documents.

Question 8

Bulletin

Answer 8

• Any changes made to the bid documents (after bidding closes) that are made for clarification.
• Issued to GC for review, & may result in changes to project cost and schedule.

A bulletin is a modification to the contract documents that is made after bidding closes and before construction begins. A bulletin is issued to the general contractor for review, and may result in changes to the project cost or schedule.

Question 9

Allowance

Answer 9

Line item provided in the contractor’s schedule of values when the scope of work is unknown at the time of pricing.

Question 10

Base bid

Answer 10

• Construction cost for full scope of work by Contractor.
• No bid alternate pricing

Construction cost proposed by a contractor for the full scope of the work, without any bid alternate pricing.

Question 11

Bid alternate

Answer 11

Portion of the work defined in the procurement documents for which separate pricing will be identified. The bid alternate can be either an add alternate, which will add to the base bid price, or a deduct alternate, which will take away from the base bid price.

Question 12

Bid form

Answer 12

• Form that states the total construction cost.
• Submitted by Contractor to Owner.

A document filled out by a contractor, and submitted to an owner, stating the proposed total construction cost for a project. The bid form may include qualifications or assumptions to define the scope of the bid.

Question 13

Bidding documents

Answer 13

Documents that include the bidding requirements, any supplements to bid forms, contract forms and conditions, specifications, drawings, and any addenda issued by the architect during the bid period.

Question 14

Bridging / bridged design-build

Answer 14

A type of design-build project delivery in which the owner engages an initial architect to prepare a set of preliminary design/requirements called bridging documents. These documents are later used by the design-build team, without the continued involvement of the initial designer, to prepare the final project documentation and ultimately construct the work.

Question 15

Value-based selection

Answer 15

The owner selects a contractor based on the weighted values of multiple criteria, including construction cost or fee and proposed schedule, as well as qualifications-based criteria such as experience on similar projects and proposed personnel.

Question 16

Unit price

Answer 16

Cost of a given unit of work, typically measured per square or linear foot. Many renovation jobs where added scope is anticipated may require that unit cost be given by the contractor and incorporated as an exhibit in the contract.

Question 17

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)

Answer 17

IPD is a delivery method that collapses the traditional owner, architect, and contractor relationship into one entity. All forms of IPD are characterized by the greater sharing of risks, responsibilities, and financial incentives among the project team.

Question 18

Payment bond

Answer 18

A surety bond posted by the general contractor to guarantee that subcontractors and material suppliers on the project will be paid.

Question 19

Performance bond

Answer 19

A type of surety used by investors in construction projects to protect against financial loss due to a contractor’s failure to complete or meet the contract specifications.

Question 20

Privately funded project

Answer 20

A project in which none of the funding is provided by a public agency.

Question 21

Project delivery method

Answer 21

Manner in which the owner contracts for design and construction services.

Question 22

Project manual

Answer 22

The project manual consists of the written documents created for the purposes of procuring and constructing the work, which can include things such as the instructions to bidders, bid requirements, specifications, etc. The contract drawings, which include things such as plans, sections, elevations, and details, are separate from the project manual.

Question 23

Publicly funded project

Answer 23

A project where part or all of the funding is provided by a public entity, for example state or local government.

Question 24

Qualifications-based selection (QBS)

Answer 24

Owner selects a contractor based solely on the contractor’s qualifications.

Question 25

Responsible bidder

Answer 25

A responsible bidder is a bidder that has demonstrated their financial ability to carry out the work as described in the contract documents, should the contract be awarded to them.

Question 26

Responsive bid

Answer 26

A responsive bid is one which meets all bidding requirements as outlined by the bid documents, including submission by the stated deadline.

Question 27

Fast track

Answer 27

Fast track is a project delivery method that overlaps project phases to construct the work faster, though this comes with risks to cost and schedule because the design is not complete prior to the start of construction. During construction on a fast track project, the architect will likely be both designing and reviewing progress of the constructed work simultaneously.

Question 28

Guaranteed maximum price (GMP, GMAX)

Answer 28

GMP is a compensation structure for the contractor which includes a maximum price cap. If the cost of construction exceeds the price cap, the contractor must pay the difference. On GMP projects the architect should be aware of this cap and the measures the contractor may take to maintain the budget, for example by buying cheaper, non-conforming products.

Question 29

IPD

Answer 29

IPD or integrated project delivery is an alternative delivery that collapses the relationship between the owner, architect, and contractor: they function as one party, sharing risks, responsibilities, and rewards more evenly.

Question 30

Multiple Prime Contractors

Answer 30

Multiple prime contractors occur when the owner directly contracts with more than one contractor, each of whom conducts a different portion of the total work.

Question 31

Procurement documents

Answer 31

Consists of:

• Project Manual
• Contract Drawings (Plans, Elev. and details)
• Addenda issued prior to construction

The procurement documents consist of the project manual, contract drawings, and any addenda issued prior to construction. These documents are evaluated by interested bidders, who then form their bids based on this package of documents.

Question 32

Spearin Gap

Answer 32

The Spearin Gap is named for a Supreme Court case which held that the architect’s prepared contract drawings carry with them an implicit warranty against defects. However, the architect’s standard contract, such as the B101, states only that architects will uphold the standard of care in their practice, not that they will provide work totally free of defects. Therefore, the space between an architect upholding the standard of care, but not providing drawings totally free of errors or defects, constitutes the “Spearin Gap,” a place where the owner is at risk for unforeseen risks and costs.

Question 33

Stipulated sum

Answer 33

Stipulated sum, also called fixed fee, is a compensation method for the contractor where the contract sum for the completion of the work is a set number, as opposed to a cost-plus method, for example. One advantage of a stipulated sum contract is that the owner has a very clear sense of total costs.

Question 34

Target price

Answer 34

Target pricing is a type of bidding where the owner sets a budget and then selects a contractor based on which one provides the most scope for that budget.

Question 35

G701

Answer 35

G701 is the form for Change Orders. Change orders are signed by the Owner, Architect, and Contractor, and are issued to modify the contract time or budget. They are amended to the construction contract.

Question 36

Initial decision maker (IDM)

Answer 36

The architect is the initial decision maker for claims between the owner and the contractor, unless a third party is named in the owner-contractor agreement.

Question 37

Site visit

Answer 37

Architect’s visit to the construction site to observe the progress of the work. Any observable deviations from the contract documents are recorded in a Field Report.

Question 38

Standard of Care

Answer 38

Architects are required to uphold the standard of care, which is a mandate that they practice in a manner consistent with how a prudent architect would practice in a similar situation. To establish professional wrongdoing, one would typically need to demonstrate that the architect did not uphold their standard of care.