CE Flashcards
What is division of labour in a unicellular organism
It is where different parts of a single cell perform different functions in a coordinated way to ensure that the cell functions effectively
What is division of labour at a multicellular level
It is the sharing of different functions among an organism’s cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems to ensure the smooth running and effective working of the different parts in an organism as a whole
What is a cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
A tissue consists of a grp of similar cells working together to carry out a specific function
An organ is a structure made of different tissues working together to carry out a particular function
An organ system consists of several organs working together to perform a particular function
An organism has several organ systems working together to support the life of an organism
Arrange organisms in increasing levels of organisation
Simple molecule -> complex molecule -> organelle -> cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism
State the properties and function of a cellulose cell wall
Made up of cellulose fibres, fully permeable
Provides mechanical support for the cell
State the properties and function of a cell membrane
Partially permeable
Separates and protects a cell from its surrounding environment, controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
State the properties and function of a cytoplasm
Jelly-like medium, contains aqueous solutions of essential ions, soluble proteins, sugars, and amino acids and organelles
Site of cellular activities and chemical reactions
State the properties and function of a ribosome
Either found as a free ribosome or attached to structures in the cytoplasm
Involved in the synthesis of proteins
State the properties and function of a nucleus
Largest organelle in animal cell, contains genetic material, found in all plant and animal cells except mature xylem and red blood cells
Controls the activities of the cell
State the properties and function of mitochondria
Found in all animal and plant cells, occurs in very large numbers. Especially abundant in more metabolically active cells
Carries out cellular respiration to release energy
State the properties and function of chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll, present in leaf cells and other green organs of plants and algae
Site of photosynthesis
State the properties and function of a large central vacuole
Fluid filled sac surrounded by partially permeable membrane, largest organelle in plant cells
Contains cell sap which is a solution of sugars and dissolved minerals
State the properties and function of vacuoles
Fluid-filled sac surrounded by a single membrane, small and numerous
Stores water and food substances
Where does bacteria keep its DNA
nucleoid region
how does bacteria reproduce
binary fission
why is a virus not considered a living thing
It has no cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles or its own membrane
where does a virus keep its genetic material
capsid
what is the structure of a root hair cell and how is it useful
Presence of long narrow extension (surface area to volume ratio increase -> rate of absorption of water and mineral salts)
Large central vacuole (storage of water in the cell)
Thin cell wall (reduce distance water and mineral salts need to diffuse
what is the structure of a red blood cell and how is it useful
Presence of haemoglobin (combines with oxygen)
Biconcave shape (increases surface area to volume ratio -> increase rate of diffusion of oxygen)
Absence of nucleus (allow more haemoglobin to be packed in the cell -> more oxygen)
what is the structure of a sperm cell and how is it useful
Streamlined shape (allow it to move towards egg at faster pace)
Presence of flagellum (propel the cell towards the egg at a faster pace)
Mid-piece packed with mitochondria (Provie energy for the movement of the flagellum
