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Cloud Digital Leader > CDL - Core Services > Flashcards

CDL - Core Services Flashcards

1
Q

What is Compute Engine?

A

A compute service that allows you to deploy scalable, high-performance VMs.

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2
Q

What is App Engine (PaaS)? What is its Benefit?

A

A compute service that allow you to BUILD and DEPLOY apps on FULLY MANAGED, highly SCALABLE, platform.

Pro - No management of underlying infra

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3
Q

What is Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)? Its benefit?

A

An open-source compute service that allows you to DEPLOY, SCALE, and MANAGE containerized apps on Kubernetes.

Pro:
Portable - can run on any cloud platform
Reliable
efficient
secure

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4
Q

What is a Sole-Tenant Node (Dedicated VM)? Its benefit?

A

A compute service that allows you to separate your instances physically separated WITH its own hardware.

Pro:
Meet compliance, licensing, and management needs

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5
Q

What is Bare Metal Solution? Benefit? What are its use case?

A

A compute service that provides hardware to run specialized workloads / mission critical

Pro: low latency

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6
Q

What are Cloud GPUs? Benfit?

A

A compute service that allows you to apply GPUs to your workloads

Pro:
They are specialized processors that perform more intensive tasks, ML, scientific computing, and 3D visualization.

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7
Q

What is Cloud Functions (FaaS)? Benefit?P

A

Compute service that allows you to create serverless, single-purpose functions that respond to events.

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8
Q

What is the diff between Preemptible and Shielded VMs?

A

Preemptible - Deployable, short-lived instances suited for batch jobs and fault-tolerant workloads.

Pro - affordable

Shielded - Deploy hardened (more secure) VMs on GCP

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9
Q

What are the two environments you can launch App Engine?

A

Standard and Flexible

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10
Q

What is App Engine Flexible?

A

An environment that uses fully managed containers.

Parameters:
Starts in minutes
Runs with Docker Containers on Compute Engine VMs
Scale - Designed for predictable, consistent traffic
Instances - must have at least one instance running
Languages - Supports generally any language and custom runtime.
Pricing - Billable vCPUs, memory, and disks
SSH - yes, can debug
Back ground processes - permitted

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11
Q

What App Engine Standard?

A

An environment using serveless compute

Parameters:
Starts in seconds
Runs in sandbox (?)
Scale - designed to rapid scaling in response to traffic spikes
Instances - Can scale to ZERO running
Languages - Supports specific, no custom runtime.
Pricing - Billable hours
SSH - no, cannot debug.
Background processes - no

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12
Q

When considering App Engine, can an application use both flexible and standard environments?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Is App Engine well suited to applications that are designed using a microservice architecture?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Application Versioning is a feature of Compute App Engine, define it.

A

AV refers to the different stages of development in an apps lifecycle such as development, test, staging, and production environments.

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15
Q

Traffic tunneling is a feature of Compute App Engine, define it.

A

TT allows you to route incoming requests to different app versions, such as A/B test versions, and to incrementally rollout features.

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16
Q

What application diagnostic tools come featured with Compute App Engine??

A

Cloud Monitoring + Cloud Logging = for health and performance

Cloud debugger + error reporting = for diagnosing and fixing bugs quickly

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17
Q

What app security features does Compute App Engine come with?

A

App Engine Firewall - to define access rules

SSL/TLS certificates by default - Web-traffics

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18
Q

What are container images? Why are they used?

A

They are a set of instructions that tell a compute service how to build and run a software application.

A container image can run on any platform, thus making it easy to deploy and manage apps.

Analogy: Think if a recipe that you can share, even if someone else has different ingredients and kitchen tools (cloud platforms/services )

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19
Q

Define SSL/TLS certificates? Explain their benfits.

A

SSL/TLS certificates are like digital handshakes between websites - they help ensure that the website you visit is really who it says it to be. They keep your information safe.

A website with a SSL/TLS certificate will have the green lock bar on the address bar.

Pro;
- Send your information encrypted to a website, and only if they are confirmed, is your information shared. Think of your signal as an outgoing locked box that can only be opened with they right key (identity confirmed)
- Important for banking/online shopping

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20
Q

What are the 5 GCP Container services?

A
  1. GKE
  2. Cloud Build
  3. Artifact Registry
  4. Container Registry
  5. Cloud Run
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21
Q

What function do Pods service within GKE?

A

A pod is a group of one or more containers with SHARED resources, such as storage, network, and other settings.

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22
Q

Kubernetes is ideal for what type of archiecture?

A

Best suited for micro-service architectures where a company has tens to hundres of services they need to manage.

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23
Q

What is a micro-services architecture? Provide an example.

A

A microservice architecture is like a LEGO set. It is a way of breaking down applications into smaller, independent functional pieces.

Eg: One microservice may manage:
1) inventory
2)Orders
3) payment processing
4) shipments.

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24
Q

Are micro-services independent of each other?

A

Yes, each microservice is independent and contains its own code, DB, and server.

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25
Q

How do microservices communicate with each other?

A

Via APIs

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26
Q

What are the benefits of microservices?

A

1) Scalability - independently scale up/down depending on which service is receiving the most traffic.

2) Resilience - BC MS are independent, if one fails, the others keep working. Hence they are RELIABLE and FAULT TOLERANT

3) Agility - independence of MC make it easy to make changes to services and iterate faster.

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27
Q

What are GCPs core Database services?

A
  1. BigQuery (on exam) -
  2. Cloud Spanner -
  3. Cloud Bigtable
  4. Cloud SQL
  5. Firestore (exam - realtime)
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28
Q

What is a database? Provide an example.

A

A DB is a data-store that stores semi- and structured data stored online.

DBs are like big box of toys

Use cases:
1. Website - to store client data
2. Online store - store product/inventory information
3. Videogames - player data, stats, metrics, etc.

29
Q

What is a Data Warehouse? Function?

A

A DW is a relational datastore (structured DV) designed for ANALYTICAL workloads that are generally COLUMN-ORIETNED.

Column aggregation

30
Q

What is a data store? Are DBs simple or complex DS? Why?

A

A general term to describe a system that stores data.

DBs are complex DS bc they requires FORMAL DESIGN and MODELING techniques.

31
Q

Define and provide examples of the two database types.

A

1) Relational DB - Stores STRUCTURED data that represents tabular data (tables, rows, columns). Data is row or column oriented.

Non-relational DB - Stores UNSTRUCTURED data that may/may not resemble tabular data.

32
Q

What a 3 primary functionalities of DBs?

A
  1. Data retrieval - via language to query
  2. Specialized modeling strategies - to optimize retrieval for unique use cases
  3. Data transformation - turn data into useful structures or reports.
33
Q

What are the 3 key functionalities of DWs?

A

1) Aggregation - they group data (eg, to find totals or averages)

  1. Designed to be HOT - they return queries fast
  2. Infrequently accessed - Meant to generate reports weekly, not in real-time, for business/user reports.
34
Q

What is a key value DB?

A

KVDB is a type of non-relational DB (NoSQL) that uses simple key-value methods to store data.

KV are like dictionaries that store key (term) and value (definition) data.

Eg:
Key (ID) –> Value (name)
Key (animal type) –> value (dog)

34
Q

What are characteristics of key-value stores?

A
  1. Dumb and fast - theylack features like relationships, indexes, or aggregation.
  2. Scalable
35
Q

Use the library analogy to describe the difference between SQL and NoSQL DBs.

A

Imagine you have a library and you want to store and retrieve books according to SQL or NoSQL parameters.

SQL - Name, author, data, genre (relational)

NoSQL- Could use document storage to store cover images, table of contents, and excerpts (non-relationanl)

35
Q

What are key SQL characteristics?

A

Fixed schema - data structures are defined in advance.

35
Q

What is a document store?

A

A DS is a NoSQL DB that stores documents as its primary data structure. A subclass of key-value stores

Think - XML, JSON, etc.

35
Q

What are the differences between SQL and NoSQL?

A

Structure Query Language - A programming language used to interact with relational DBs

NoSQL - Use to describe non-relational DBs

35
Q

What are key use cases of SQL DBs?

A

1) Online transaction Processing (OLTP) - e-commerce and banking

2) Data Warehouse - to store/analyze historical data

3) CRM - To track customer interactions and sales leads.

35
Q

What are two key characteristics of NoSQL DBs?

A

Flexible schema - structure of data can be changed more easily.

Use a variety of data models - key-value, document, graph DBs

35
Q

What are key use cases for NoSQL DBs?

A
  1. Content Management Systems (CMS) - used to store and manage content of websites/blogs
  2. Real time analytics operations

3) Mobile apps - to store and retrieve data quickly.

36
Q

Define Serverless cloud services. Benefits?

A

A way to build and run applications without having to worry about servers or infrastructure.

Pros:
-fully managed
- Pay as you go
- Scale to zero

37
Q

Provide a serverless cloud analogy

A

Restaurant - Imagine that you rent a shop – the location, tools, machinery (serverless) and you provide the recipes (code)

38
Q

What are benefits of Serverless cloud offerings?

A
  1. Reduce operational overhead - less management
  2. Scalability - automatically.
  3. Cost saving - PAYG
39
Q

What are 3 GCP Storage services?

A
  1. Block (persistent disk)
  2. File (filestore)
  3. Cloud Storage (object and serverless)
40
Q

Identify the 4 available GCP Storage Classes (on exam).

What are their minimum storage durations?

A
  1. Storage (O day min)
  2. Nearline (30 day min)
  3. Coldline (90 days min)
  4. Archive (365 day min)

MSD - The minimum days a file is required to be stored before deletions to avoid charges.

41
Q

What is Cloud Storage?

A

CS is a serverless object storage service – you do not have to worry about underlying disks, right-sizing, availability, or durability.

Files are called OBJECTS
Folders are cold FOLDERS

42
Q

What are Cloud Storages key benefits?

A

Unlimited storage;
Global access;
Low latency;
Highly durable + Geo-redundant
Uniform experience

43
Q

When would you use Cloud Storage Standard?

A

For FREQUENT using of files.

Note: least cost effective

44
Q

When would you use Cloud Storage Nearline?

A

To access files about ONCE per month (cheaper than standard)

45
Q

When would you use Cloud Storage Coldline?

A

Higher access cost, but lower at-rest cost (?)

46
Q

When would you use Cloud Storage Archive?

A

For archiving, or legal retainment of files for 7 years, etc., accessed ANNUALLY.

Slow retrieval
Very cost effect
Intended to be rarely accessed.

47
Q

Explain the difference and use case for Block and Object Storage.

A

Block - Data that is stored into fit-sized blocks (eg, 4kb or 9 kb), sequentially, each with a unique ID.

Think a bookshelf - where books are placed in their categories.

Use case: structured data
Running a DB, hosting a VM, or storing video files

Object - Data that is stored as self-contained units of any size.

Think Warehouse - no specific placement of items, but with their ID you can locate item.

Use case: unstructured data
Images, videos, or documents.

48
Q

What is Virtual Private Cloud?

A

An isolated network on GCP where you can launch Google resources.

You choose a range of IPs using CIDR Range (?)

49
Q

What is a subnet?

A

The partitioning of a larger network into multiple smaller segments.

Subnets need to have a smaller CIDR rank compared to a VPC.

50
Q

Define Public and Private Subnets?

A

Public - a network that can reach the internet

Private - a network that cannot reach the internet.

51
Q

Define Cloud Armor (networking)? (exam)

A

Cloud networking service to protect against DoS and web attackes.

52
Q

Define Cloud Load Balancing?

A

Used to rout traffic and provide distributed access

53
Q

Define Cloud Interconnect (exam)

A

Cloud networking service that allows you to connect your infra to Google’s cloud – on your terms, from anywhere.

53
Q

Define Cloud VPN (exam)

A

Cloud networking service that allows you to extend your on-prem network to Googles network via an IPsec VPN tunnel.

54
Q

Define Private Google Cloud. Use case.

A

PGC allows your instances to reach Google’s APIs/services via an INTERNAL IP, not a public IP.

When you want traffic to remain in network to avoid egress costs.

55
Q

Define Shared VPC.

A

Allows you to connect resources between multiple projects by sharing subnets.

56
Q

Define VPC network peering. Its benefits?

A

When you connect two VPC networks.

Reduce - latency, cost, and increase security.

57
Q
A
58
Q

Define the function of each App development environment.

A

Dev - the building, testing, and debugging of code.

Test - Code tested on separate servers to check before staging environment.

Staging - A replication environment of the production environment, used to further test app.

Production - When code is GA and used by end users.

59
Q

What are the primary differences between at Database and a Data-warehouse?

A

Database - Designed to run real-time/operational workloads for transaction processing.

Data Warehouse - Designed to fun analytical workloads from aggregated historical data for complex reporting and business insights.

60
Q

Databases and data warehouses tend to use what type of data?

A

DB - structured/relational. Current data. Operational/transactional needs.

DW - mix of un/structured data. Historical data that provide snapshots over time. Business intelligence.

61
Q

Whats the difference between block, file, and cloud storage?

A

Block - used for structured data and applications.

File - ideal for unstructured data and file management.

Cloud - A mix of services that use either block or file storage.

Cloud Digital Leader (13 decks)

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