CDI 445 final Flashcards
Specific Language Impairment: diagnosis is based on
exclusion criteria
Specific Language Impairment: Standard language test score at or below _______ standard deviations below the mean (__ percentile)
-1.25, 9th percentile
Specific Language Impairment: Nonverbal IQ of ____or higher
85
____% of children who are clinically considered to have SLI do not meet all the criteria
15%
Other terms practitioners use to refer to SLI
language delay, language disorder, developmental language disorder, and language-learning disability.
Children qualify for a language disorder if they have _________ difficulty with _______ and/or ________ ________ across __________
persistent difficulty with expressive and/or receptive language across modalities
Children who have difficulty with the social aspects of language but do not fit the criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior)
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
3 nonpreferred terms for intellectual disability
mental retardation, developmental disability, cognitive impairment
Those with intellectual disabilities have core deficits that encompass both ________ and ________ domains
intellectual and social domains
To be considered for an ID diagnosis, it must have originated before age ____ and they must have significant limitations in both _________ ________ and ___________ _________
18, intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors
5 dimensions of the Ecological System of ID
Intellectual disability (IQ score), adaptive behavior, participation in social roles, health, context
Timing of risk factors for ID
Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal
Types of risk factors for ID
biomedical, social, behavioral, educational
What disorder: generally equivalent vocabulary development, impairment in morphosyntax, short-term memory deficit, phonological deficits, variable pragmatics
Down syndrome
What disorder: hypersensitive hearing, 50-60s overall IQ though higher verbal abilities, delayed verbal skills in early childhood, hours voice but good articulation and prosody, pragmatic weakness
Williams syndrome
What disorder: delayed speech and motor issues, develop receptive skills at one-half the rate of typical children and expressive skills at one-third the rate of typical children. Morphosyntax deficiencies and reduced sentence length. Phonological impairments. Difficulty with prosody and voice quality
Fragile X
Professionals believe that children with ID tend to follow a _______ ______ trend more so than a ________ ________
language delay, language disorder
For children with ID before age 10, language generally follows the expected __________ ________ except for the reduction in the quantity of language
developmental sequence
For people with ID after age 10, _________ ________ occur, which suggest a language disorder
qualitative behaviors (pragmatic issues)
To be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, someone must have deficits in ___________ _________ and interaction and demonstrate ___________ ________ _________, interests, and activities
social communication (pragmatics) and restricted repetitive behaviors
4 umbrella terms previously used for ASD
Autistic disorders
Asperger’s disorder
Childhood disintegrative disorder
Persuasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified
These children may be nonverbal or use extremely low verbal communication. They often require intense levels of intervention
Children with low-functioning autism
These children may have odd prosody and intonation, issues with nonverbal communication, use unusual phrases and vocabulary, and have one-sided discourse
Children with high-functioning autism
Name the disorder: early pragmatic differences, difficulty with peer relations, echolalia, be hypersensitive to sensory stimulation, fixation on limited stimulation, motor and perceptual differences, learning differences, memory impairments,
Autism Spectrum disorder
When a child imitates their communication partner’s utterances
immediate echolalia
When a child produces previously heard sentences or phrases
delayed echolalia
When language is learned in larger units of words first rather than single words
Gestault Language Acquisition
ASD Intervention: Early intensive behavior intervention, discrete trial training, and intensive behavior treatment
Applied Behavioral Analysis
Says any behavior can be broken down into separate behaviors, measured in precise terms, and manipulated through principles of reinforcement
Operant learning-based philosophy (part of ABA)
Part of ABA that helps with receptive identification, Early play and self-help skills, Verbal labeling, Early concept development, Use of prepositions, Use emotion words, Use of simple carrier phrases
Discrete Trial Training
Some people with autism believe this treatment is not ethical as it treats them like lab animals
Applied Behavioral Analysis
ASD intervention based on social interaction, developmental, and family theories
SCERTS
SCERTS emphasizes enhancing children’s _________-_______, ________-_______, _________regulation, and _________-________ abilities
turn-taking, choice-making, emotional, and problem-solving abilities
SCERTS stands for
Social Communication, Emotional Regulation, and Transactional support
SCERTS follows the _______ lead, offers ________ within the child’s daily routines, responds to __________ _______ and reinforces them,
________ correct communication functions at the child’s level,
elaborates on the child’s verbal and nonverbal communication attempts
child’s, choices, communication attempts, models
4 early literacy concepts that SLPs can embed in their therapy sessions
phonological awareness, print concepts and alphabet awareness, oral language skills, emergent writing
The ability to reflect on and manipulate phonemic segments of speech. Includes Word awareness, rhyming, counting syllables, breaking words into sounds, and decoding
phonological awareness
Understanding the use and function of print. Example: What’s the difference between the pictures and text in a book, letter names, reading direction, book orientation
Print Concepts and Alphabet Awareness
Promoting the use of an enriched oral language environment, including opportunities to learn sophisticated vocabulary
Oral language skills
Encouraging attempts to “write” and moving towards letter development
Emergent Writing
What kind of literacy intervention: Work to enhance early literacy skills through meaningful activities and interactions. Ex. Storybook reading, dramatic play, center-time activities
Embedded Interventions
What kind of literacy intervention: Structured, sequenced adult-directed instruction on early literacy concepts.
Ex. Practicing writing letters, writing “plays”, discussing the structure of stories, songs
Explicit Interventions
4 literacy concepts that school-aged children need to know for success
phonological awareness, spelling, reading, writing
A long and intense program that uses direct, explicit, multisensory, structured, sequential, diagnostic, and prescriptive ways to teach literacy
Barton Reading and Writing System
The Barton Reading and Writing System can take between _____-____ years of _______-_______ sessions for students to complete all ten levels
2-4, twice-weekly
Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that ________ or _________, either temporarily or permanently, for the ________ or _______ patterns of individuals with expressive and/or receptive language impairments.
compensates or facilitates, impairment or disability patterns
AAC helps assist those with _______ ________ ________
complex communication needs
AAC users fall into what 2 categories
congenital disabilities and acquired disabilities
Multi-_______ Communication refers to the use of ________ ________ when a person communicates
modal, multiple modalities
form of AAC that does not require an external tool but does require some motor control
unaided form of AAC
form of AAC that requires some form of external support from either an electronic or nonelectric system
Aided form of AAC
Form of AAC that does not require any form of battery-powered tech but requires some kind of tool
low/light tech
Form of AAC that enables dynamic symbol/language representation and is used with some form of technology
high tech
Dynamic retrieval process in which options offered to an individual change according to the portion of a word or message that has already been formulated
Prediction
Help an individual quickly express a lengthy message. Often through color-coding or symbol coding
encoding
Person directly selects the symbol through pointing or eye gaze
direct selection
Displays symbols in a predetermined pattern and the person would stop it when it got to the word they wanted to say
scanning
Organizes vocabulary and messages schematically rather than semantically. Photos depict familiar scenes, objects, or people–and users can touch “hot spots” on the photo to speak messages that relate to the pictured scene or object
Visual Scene Displays
What does PECS stand for
Picture Exchange Communication System
True or false: PECS is evidence-based
false
Pecs consists of ______ phases and begins by teaching an individual to give a single _______ of a desired item or action to a “communicative partner” who immediately honors the exchange as a ______
six, picture, request
communication behavior seen from birth
reflexive sounds
communication behavior seen from 1-4 months
cooing
communication behavior seen from 4-8 months
babbling
communication behavior seen from 8-12 months
jargon
communication behavior seen at 12 months
first words
Communication behavior seen at 24 months
multiple word combinations
An assessment that covers a variety of areas to get a broad overview of all language components.
broad-based assessment
Also called “standardized tests” or “formal tests”
Norm-referenced
Tests in which the client’s performance is compared with a pre-specified standard or specific skill.
criterion-referenced
test that only provides raw scores
criterion referenced
provides only a snapshot of an individual’s performance at one moment in time
static assessment
A process-oriented measure that evaluates the child’s ability to learn
dynamic assessment
predetermined number of answers a tester must answer correctly before a test can move forward
basal
The “end point”. After the predetermined number of errors, the test ends.
ceiling
transformed raw scores measured in standard deviation units.
standard scores
the percentage of scores in its frequency distribution that are equal to or lower than it
percentile rank
MLU stands for
Mean length of utterance
Calculate MLU: Take the # of grammatical ________ and divide it by the total # of __________
morphemes, utterances
Repeating back exactly what a child said but with correct grammar/use of morphemes
expansions
Repeating what the child said but adding in extra information that the child did not say
extensions
Take the child’s initiation, expand it to have correct grammar, and then break it down into little phrases, and then build it back up into the longer phrase
buildups/breakdowns
The adult turns the child’s utterance into a question or negative statement
recasts
We are not going to make what the child says go into the adult form (because the child isn’t going to be able to do that yet) but we are going to add a bit more onto it.
Telegraphic speech
How the session is going to be structured
approaches
the specific techniques we use to help clients gain skills
Interventions
Each ________- falls underneath the umbrella of one of the three approaches
intervention
Giving them knowledge about what a word means so that they can really connect with a word
semantic cues
extra information about the sounds in a word to help them remember it
phonological cues
A good goal has what
do statement, condition, criterion
