CDA

Question 1

The LNA was a…. network

Answer 1

nationwide

Question 2

how many meetings did the LNA hold?

Answer 2

900 public meetings and organised 18,000 petitions

Question 3

1875

Answer 3

the LNA newspaper the Shield was set up- this re-energised the movement when it was fading- published Mrs. Percy’s suicide

Question 4

How did the LNA help lead to repeal 1886?

Answer 4

• got the support from working men
  -gained publicity i press/ made MP’s question the idea of repeal
  -maintained unity

Question 5

evaluation- how sig. was the LNA?

Answer 5

Convinced society that CDA’s were immorally wrong/unjustifiable
-laid the ground work for opposition
but LNA did not garner much parliamentary support

Question 6

Josephine Butler

Answer 6

charismatic and gifted speaker- leader of the LNA

Question 7

1870-Butler

Answer 7

travelled 3,700 miles speaking at 99 meetings

Question 8

limits to Butler

Answer 8

not organised BUT was supported by strong, hardworking colleagues

Question 9

How did Butler help lead to repeal in 1886?

Answer 9

charismatic leader- stood out by force
leadership- focus on the issue
- energetic campaigning

Question 10

Evaluation- how sig was Butler?

Answer 10

LNA would not have been as successful without her leadership AND did garner support of w/c men BUT lacked organisation
-struggled to work with medical elites who advocated regulation of prostitutes
-1871- Royal Commission

Question 11

Elizabeth Wolstenholme

Answer 11

One of key investigators of campaign
-important women’s rights campaigner based in Manchester

Question 12

hew did EW help lead to repeal?

Answer 12

it was her idea- she invited Butler to lead it

Question 13

significance?

Answer 13

far less sig. than Butler as she did not take direct leadership
-reluctantly got married

Question 14

National Association for the Repeal of the CDA’s

Answer 14

established 1869- branch association formed in Midlands and North

Question 15

how did the National Association for the repeal of the CDA’s help repeal?

Answer 15

modest success in lobbying parl only

Question 16

how sig?

Answer 16

Henry Wilson criticised the movement as ‘do nothings’ BUT as a result did lead to LNA being formed

Question 17

JAMES STANSFELD- what did he do?

Answer 17

a strong advocate for repeal- following defeat of Liberal gov in 1874 he had the freedom to engage himself more into a CDA campaigner
-more electoral leagues established
-aimed for more medical stats

Question 18

what did he encourage in 1875

Answer 18

formation of National Medical association to enlist the support of doctors

Question 19

how did Stansfeld help lead to repeal in 1886?

Answer 19

garnered support of both m/c and w/c men
able to put significant pressure of gov.
able to make the movement for repeal into a more effective pressure group

Question 20

how sig. was Stansfeld?

Answer 20

v important inside and outside of parl- he was able to put pressure on the gov whilst creating a more effective movement

-transforms the movement from a moral venture to a pragmatic one.
-moves doctors away from regulation and inspection.

Question 21

Parliament- Liberal Party

Answer 21

early 1880’s- political committee created to push repeal in Parl
1880 election increased support for Liberals

Question 22

how did this help lead to reform

Answer 22

Liberals became increasingly in favour of reform and it was eventually the gov that repealed the acts

Question 23

how sig?

Answer 23

parl played a key role in repealing legislation but only because of the pressure of pressure groups

Question 24

Why were the CDA’s repealed? list some factors

Answer 24

1. Parliamentary commissions
   2.Individuals- James Stansfield
2. Arguments presented by the opposition were logical and practical
3. For most of the 1870’s a cons gov had been in power- but 1880+1886 election liberal gov had won who favoured taking actions that favoured social conditions.
4. The media- published more coverage which opposed the laws- The Times- JB speech 1870.

Question 25

in 1880 how many petitions did the opposition movement against the CDA’s produce?

Answer 25

10,000

Question 26

why were the CDA’s eventually repealed in terms of leadership?

Answer 26

included respectable, educated advocates- unlike the Chartists.

Question 27

What was the Royal Commission in 1870?

Answer 27

A commission set up by the gov- an inquiry into how the laws were organised- concluded that the acts had decreased the number of prostitutes and venereal disease HOWEVER questioned its mortality
although not successful as it was ignored it strengthened the opp. movement to CDA’s.

Question 28

how did James Stansfield contribute to the repeal of the CDA’s?

Answer 28

Claimed laws were immoral and undemocratic- aimed to show that the acts were not working with more statistics
-successfully abolished the part of the acts that required compulsory examination of prostitutes

Question 29

did William Gladstone want to repeal the acts?

Answer 29

yes-1886