CD1 Flashcards
Target BP in patients over 80
<150/90
Target BP in patients under 80
<140/90
Target BP in diabetic patients or patients with CKD
<130/80
Drug options in emergency HTN (>180 with papilloedema)
nitroprusside, labetalol, GTN or phentolamine
Second line to statins
Ezetimibe
MOA of ezetimibe
Reduces bile secretion to minimise fat absorption
Investigation of patients with angina but low risk of coronary artery disease
CT coronary angiogram
Investigation of patients with angina and high risk of coronary artery disease
Dobutamine stress echo or coronary angiogram
MOA of ivabradine
Inhibits funny current to reduce heart rate
MOA of nicorandil
Calcium channel blocker
MOA of ransolazine
Sodium channel blocker
Management of patients with intermediate risk on GRACE score
antiplatelet and anticoagulant then non-emergency angiogram with or without stent insertion
Management of patients with low risk on GRACE score
non-invasive monitoring such as an echo or CT coronary angiography
Medication following an MI
Beta-blocker
ACE inhibitor
Statin
Anti-platelet for a year
Screening tests for complications after an MI
ECG and echo
Causes of acute AF
thyrotoxicosis, an infective exacerbation of COPD, pneumonia, alcohol (holiday heart syndrome) or an infection such as myocarditis
Causes of chronic AF
hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy or idiopathic
How does “pace and ablate” therapy work?
AV node is ablated to isolate the ventricles, which are then paced with a pacemaker for rate control
When to choose chemical and electrical cardioversion in AF
Chemical if onset <48 hours ago, electrical if >48 hours ago
Medication after cardioversion
Anti-arrhythmic e.g. sotolol/flecainide
CHADSVASC cut off for anticoagulation
1 or more (unless female)
Use of BNP in diagnosis of heart failure
Guides how urgently an echo is needed
What is entresto?
a combination of sacubitril and valsartan which acts as a diuretic and ARB
Treatment for diastolic heart failure
Diuretics for symptomatic relief and specialist help