CCR 8 ekg, cardiac pharmacology, postural drainage, etc Flashcards
what is Eindhoben triangle?
leads of the heart and hows it measured.
lead II is from left arm to right leg. which is in line from the SA node down to AV node and rest of the heart
lead II is going to show you the best rhythm.
what is the P-R interval of an ECG?
time it takes atria to depolarize and AV node to fire (times from SA node to AV node)
what is the QT interval?
time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization
what is the ST segment?
time ventricles are depolarized (isoelectric period)
how to read an ECG?
1) is the rhythm regular or irregular
2) heart rate
3) P wave
4) PR interval - is it 0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 small squares)
5) QRS complex - do they look the same is the interval .06-0.10 (within 1-3 small squares)
how do you calculate HR on an ECG?
0, 300, 150, 100, 75
for every 5 small squares you go down to the next number.
what are the therapeutic implication for someone with brady cardia?
brady cardia is someone with HR below 60 bpm
therapeutic implications are fatigue, vagal episode, postural hypotension
if the space between the R to R interval is the same is the sinus rhythm regular or irregular?
is the space between the R to R interval of the QRS complex if the same then the rhythm is regular.
what are the therapeutic implication for sinus tachycardia
clinical judgement with HR and level of activity
do the Dr have a cap set for HR range?
fatigue
what would be the therapeutic implication for someone with atrial flutter?
fatigue, palpitations, SOB, hypotension
what is the classic sign of atrial flutter on the ECG?
P wave - sawtoothd appearance
is the rhythm regular or variable for atrial flutter?
could be regular or variable but mostly irregular
what are PVC?
ectopic foci in the ventricle
- following a PVC there is a long compensatory pause
- characterized by a wide bizarre QRS complex
- absent P-wave
what is the difference between unifocal and multifocal PVC on an ECG?
what are the therapeutic implications for this?
unifocal will have one bizarre QRS complex following a normal QRS complex
multifocal will have more than one shape
therapeutic implication are wider than normal PQRS and keep going, activity is not contraindicated.
what are trigeminal PVC?
when you have a wide bizarre QRS complex every 3rd beat.
BE CAUTIOUS when completing exercise because of their cardiac output
what is the amount of PVC a person can have in 1 minute and be considered normal?
- any more than 6 is not normal
what are triplet PVC?
occurs in groups of 3. on an ECG you will see 3 irregular bizarre QRS in a row
STOP EXERCISE - individual could go into V-tach
V-tach is a medical emergency
what are calcium channel blockers used for?
used for HTN and CHF
is relaxes and widen blood vessels
results in decreased HR and BP
what are the PT implication for calcium channel blockers?
can use HR to judge effort
must use RPE.
watch out for orthostatic hypotension, peripheral edema, dyspnea
what are ACE inhibitors used for?
HTN and CHF
decreased BP and afterload - relaxes blood vessels, decreases BP, decreases oxygen demand
results in decreased BP
-prils
“ACE-PRIL-Fools”
(pocket ACE’s you relax, BP goes down and relax.
what are the PT implication for ACE inhibitors?
orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia, dizzines
what are positive inotropic agents?
agents that alter force or energy of muscular contraction.
PIA - increases force of muscular contraction and also slows heart rate down.
Decreases conduction through AV node (increases BP)
used for CHF, A-fib.
(I DIG STAR WARS) increases the force
what are beta blockers used for?
used for cardiac arrhythmias
decreases myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing HR and contractility.
block the action of beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system located in lungs, heart, skeletal muscles.
results in decreased HR and BP
what are the PT implications for beta blockers?
use RPE and watch out for orthostatic hypotension
