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CCP Semester 1 > CCP 109 - Pharmacology > Flashcards

CCP 109 - Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 inoconstrictors

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

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2
Q

Name the 2 vasoconstrictors

A

Phenylephrine
Vasopressin

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3
Q

Name the 2 inodilators

A

Dobutamine
Milrinone

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4
Q

Name the 3 vasodilators

A

Nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
Nesiritide

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5
Q

What is the difference between a vasopressor and an inotrope?

A

A vasopressor is a drug that regulates vascular tone in the form of vasoconstriction and an inotrope is a drug that increases the heart’s contractility

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6
Q

Epinephrine
1. class
2. dosing range for infusions
3. route
4. brief MOA (which receptors does it act on?)

A
  1. Sympathomimetic, Inoconstrictor
  2. 2-20 mcg/min (source: Rico)
  3. IV/IO infusion. Central line preferred.
  4. Acts on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
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7
Q

Norepinephrine
1. class
2. dosing range for infusions
3. route
4. brief MOA (which receptors does it act on?)

A
  1. Sympathomimetic, Inoconstrictor
  2. 2-20 mcg/min (source: Rico)
  3. continuous IV infusion, central line preferred.
  4. Predominantly acts on alpha1 receptors, but also some beta1 at higher doses.
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8
Q

Dopamine
1. class
2. dosing range for infusions
3. route
4. brief MOA (which receptors does it act on?)

A
  1. Sympathomimetic, Inotrope
  2. 2-20 mcg/min (source: Rico)
  3. IV infusion
  4. Acts on dopaminergic, beta1 and alpha adrenergic receptors.
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9
Q

Milrinone
1. class
2. dosing range for infusions
3. route
4. brief MOA (which receptors does it act on?)

A
  1. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Inodilator
  2. 0.125–0.75mcg/kg/min (source: Chris’s slides)
  3. Continuous IV infusion
  4. Selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor resulting in vasodilation and inotropy with very little chronotropy.
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10
Q

Phenylephrine
1. class
2. dosing range for infusions
3. route
4. brief MOA (which receptors does it act on?)

A
  1. Sympathomimetic
  2. 50-200 mg IVP or 100-180 mcg/min continuous infusion, when B/P is stabilized, drop to 40-60 mcg/min. (source: Chris’s slides)
  3. IV push or continuous IV infusion
  4. Pure alpha 1 agonist
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11
Q

Vasopressin
1. class
2. dosing range for infusions
3. route
4. brief MOA (which receptors does it act on?)

A
  1. ADH analogue, hormone, vasoconstrictor
  2. 0.03-0.04 units/min (source: Rico)
  3. continuous IV infusion
  4. acts on V1 receptor to increase SVR and B/P, may decrease HR and cardiac output. Acts on V2 receptor to increase cAMP which increases osmolality at renal tubule and decreases urine production. (source: UpToDate)
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12
Q

List 5 non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

A
  1. Rocuronium
  2. Pancuronium
  3. Vecuronium
  4. Atracurium
  5. Cisatricurium (Nimbex)
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13
Q

Name 1 depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

A

Succinylcholine

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14
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Rocuronium

A

Occupies (competitive antagonist) post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on muscles
Mimics the effect of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, occupies the receptor site and prevents transmission of the signal and prevents depolarization of the muscle resulting in paralysis

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15
Q

What is the dose of Rocuronium for RSI?

A

1 mg/kg

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16
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of Succinylcholine

A

-Agonist at nicotinic ACh receptors in skeletal muscles
-Generates action potential
-Not affected by synaptic acetylcholinesterase (unlike ACH)
-Continuous end plate depolarization
-Inactivation of sodium channels
-Prevention of repolarization and additional action potentials
-Skeletal muscle paralysis

17
Q

What is the dose for Succinylcholine for RSI?

A

1.5 mg/kg

18
Q

Ketamine
1. class
2. dose for induction and maintenance of sedation
3. route
4. brief MOA

A
  1. Anesthetic/analgesic/sedative
  2. 1-2 mg/kg depending on shock index, half of induction dose for maintenance.
  3. IV, IO, IM, IN, PO,
    • NMDA receptor antagonist - impairs glutamate release leading to dissociative anesthesia
      - Weak opioid receptor agonist - sedation and analgesia
      - Muscarinic receptor antagonist - impairs cholinergic transmission leading to bronchodilation and increased salivation
      - Enhances central/peripheral monoaminergic transmission
19
Q

Propofol
1. class
2. dose for induction and maintenance of sedation
3. route
4. brief MOA

A
  1. General anesthetic
  2. 1-2 mg/kg for stable patients
    0.5-1 mg/kg for unstable patients
    25-100 mcg/kg/min for maintenance
  3. IV push, IV infusion
  4. Allosterically increases binding affinity of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for GABA-A receptor
    Prolonged opening of chloride channel
    Hyperpolarization of nerve membrane

CCP Semester 1 (10 decks)

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