CCP 104 - Intro to Research Evidence Flashcards
Define PICO
P - Population, Patient, Problem
I - Intervention of exposure
C - Comparison
O - Outcome
What is the P value and why does it matter?
A statistical measurement used to validate a hypothesis against observed data. It removes random chance being the reason for an outcome. 0.05 or lower is considered statistically significant.
What is IMRAD?
Introduction
Method
Results
Analysis
Conclusion
Discussion
Define parallel group comparison
Each group receives a different tx, with both groups being entered at the same time. Results are analyzed by comparing groups
Define paired (or matched) comparison
Subjects receiving different txs are matched to balance potential confounding variables such as age/sex. Results are analyzed in terms of differences between subject pairs
Define “within subject comparison”
Subjects are assessed before and after an intervention and results analyzed in terms of changes within the subjects
Define single blinded
Subjects did not know what tx they were receiving
Define double blinded
Subjects and investigators did not know what tx they were receiving/administering
Define crossover
Each subject received both intervention and control (in random order), often separated by washout period (no tx)
Define placebo controlled
Control subjects receive placebo/inactive tx that looks/tasted the same as active tx
Define factorial design
A study that permits investigation of the effects (both separately and combined) of more than one independent variable on a given outcome (exp. 2x2 factorial design- placebo, ASA, streptokinase, or ASA+streptokinase in AMI)
What makes a research paper worth reading?
Design of the methods section, not on the interest of the hypothesis, nature or potential impact of results, or speculation in discussion
