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Chemistry AS > CCEA Definitions AS1 > Flashcards

CCEA Definitions AS1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Molecular ion

A

Two or more atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge

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2
Q

Avogadro’s Constant

A

Number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12

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3
Q

Mole

A

The amount of substance which contains the Avogadro constant of atoms, molecules, or group of ions.

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4
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass of one mole of a substance.

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5
Q

Anhydrous

A

A salt which contains no water of crystallisation.

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6
Q

Hydrated

A

A salt which contains water of crystallisation.

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7
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure.

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8
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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9
Q

Mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)

A

The average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

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11
Q

Relative Isotopic Mass (RIM)

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

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12
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms which have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

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13
Q

Relative Formula Mass (RFM)

A

The average mass of a formula unit relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

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14
Q

Relative Molecular Mass (RMM)

A

The average mass of a molecule relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

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15
Q

First Ionisation Energy

A

The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge.

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16
Q

Second Ionisation Energy

A

The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge into gaseous ions with a double positive charge.

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17
Q

Third Ionisation Energy

A

The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge into gaseous ions with a triple positive charge.

18
Q

Covalent Bond

A

The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms.

19
Q

Dative Bond

A

A shared pair of electrons between two atoms - One atom provides both electrons.

20
Q

Octet Rule

A

When reacting, an atom tends to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 in its outer shell.

20
Q

Electronegativity

A

The extent to which an atom attracts the bonding electrons in a covalent bond.

21
Q

Polar bond

A

A covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of the bonding electrons.

22
Q

Delocalised electrons

A

Outer electrons do not have fixed positions but move freely.

23
Q

Intermolecular

A

Between neighbouring molecules.

24
Q

van der Waals’ Forces

A

The attraction between instantaneous and induced dipoles on neighbouring molecules.

25
Q

Permanent dipole-dipole attraction

A

Attraction between the positive end of the permanent dipole on a molecule with the negative end of the permanent dipole of a neighbouring molecule.

26
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a very electronegative atom (N,O,F) in one molecule and a hydrogen atom in a neighbouring molecule, in which the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom (N,O,F).

27
Q

Redox

A

Oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction at the same time.

28
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons/increase in oxidation state.

29
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation state.

30
Q

Oxidising agent

A

electron acceptor

31
Q

Reducing agent

A

Electron donor

32
Q

Disproportionation

A

Oxidation and reduction of the same element in the same reaction.

33
Q

Strong acid/base

A

Fully dissociates in solution

34
Q

Weak acid/base

A

Partially dissociates in solution

35
Q

Molarity

A

Concentration in mol dm-3 expressed using M.

36
Q

Concentration

A

Number of moles present in a stated volume.

37
Q

Standard solution

A

A solution for which the concentration is known.

38
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer.

39
Q

Orbital

A

A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.

40
Q

Lone pair

A

A pair of unshared electrons in the outer shell of an atom.

Chemistry AS (6 decks)

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