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4th Year CCC > CCC- cancer intro > Flashcards

CCC- cancer intro Flashcards

1
Q

Which cancer has highest incidence

A

Lung

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2
Q

Top 4 cancer women

A

Breast Lung Bowel Uterus

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3
Q

Top 4 cancer men

A

Prostate Lung Bowel Bladder

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4
Q

Name of the interval between symptom onset and presentation

A

patient interval

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5
Q

name of the interval between presentation and referral

A

primary care interval

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6
Q

name of interval between referral and secondary care

A

referral interval

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7
Q

What are the five types of systemic anti-cancer treatment?

A

Cytotoxic Hormone Biologic/targeted Immunotherapy Radioisotopes

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8
Q

Two types of biologic/targeted therapy?

A

monoclonal antibodies tyrosine kinase inhibs

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9
Q

What is radical chemo?

A

Curative intent

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10
Q

What is primary chemo?

A

The main treatment

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11
Q

What is neo-adjuvant chemo?

A

Before surgery or radio

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12
Q

What is adjuvant chemo?

A

After surgery

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13
Q

What is chemoradiation

A

chemo with radio

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14
Q

What is palliative chemo

A

incurative advanced disease

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15
Q

when is high dose chemo given?

A

With bone marrow or stem cell transplant

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16
Q

A repeating pattern of treatment and rest days is called

A

a cycle

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17
Q

The complete pattern of cycles is the

A

course

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18
Q

What is the ‘line’ in cancer treatment?

A

Order of treatments

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19
Q

Three haem side effects of chemo

A

anaemia thrombocytopenia neutropenia

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20
Q

What is the name of the nail change seen in chemo? what are they?

A

Bow lines- lines of weakness as they stop growing for a bit- they may correspond to timing of chemo delivery

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21
Q

What is hand-foot syndrome? What might it indicate?

A

side effect of chemo- redness, pain and peeling of hands, soles of feet and sometiems scrotum. Can be a warning that sensitive to the drug

22
Q

Could hand-foot syndrome happen with all chemo?

A

No only certain drugs

23
Q

Which organs with a low rate of renewal might chemo effect?

A

heart, peripheral nerves, hearing

24
Q

True or false, chemo is a risk factor for VTE but cancer itself is not

A

False- both are. And it is also made worse by being immobile, old etc.

25
Q

Which chemos are especially bad for VTE risk

A

Platinum based

26
Q

What two things determine how a patient tolerates chemo?

A

Patient fitness (co-morbs, WHO performance status, frailty index) Dose

27
Q

What is the WHO performance status

A

0=fit 5=dead if can hoover, >/=1

28
Q

Immunotherapy side effects can mimic ____. How do you manage them, broadly?

A

Infection Steroids

29
Q

True or false immunotherapy side effects only occur during the course of treatment

A

False, can occur after

30
Q

Radiotherapy can be delivered by which two types of particle?

A

Photons (deeper, produce secondary electrons in tissue) or electrons (superficial)

31
Q

Radiotherapy is delivered by what machine?

A

Linear accelerator

32
Q

How does RT work?

A

Damaging DNA- cancer cells can’t repair damage like normal cells can. Mitotic or apoptotic cell death

33
Q

What unit is RT dose in?

A

Gray (Gy)

34
Q

What is each dose of RT called?

A

A fraction

35
Q

Does radical or palliative RT have a longer course, more RT and more fractions?

A

Radical

36
Q

7 stages of RT

A
  1. consent 2. immobilisation 3. ct simulation 4. tattoos 5. volume definition 6. RT 7. follow up
37
Q

Name each area

A

Top to bottom:

Gross tumour volume

Clinical target volume

Planning target volume

Treated volume

Irradiated volume

38
Q

What is tungsten used for in RT?

A

Constantly shapes the beam to the shape of the tumour as it is delivered

39
Q
A
40
Q

Why does RT toxicity occur?

A

Transient damage to normal cells

41
Q

Short term reactions to RT are often ‘-_ _ _ _ ‘

A

-itis

42
Q

Long term reactions to RT are often ‘-_ _ _ _’

A

-osis

43
Q

Examples of RT side effect to head and neck and some possible supportive treatments

A

Raditaion dermatitis (skin care)

Mucositis (mouth care)

Thick oral secretions (pain swallowing and salivary gland damage- may be permament fibrosis) (nutritional support, analgesia, mouth care)

Loss of taste

Fatigue

Dry mouth

(analgesia, admission)

44
Q

What could you give to help prostatitis caused by prostate ca RT

A

Alpha blocker to increase flow

45
Q

What is the benefit of giving RT as well as CT?

A

Makes radio more effective

46
Q

What is ‘verification’ in RT?

A

Pt in same position each time

47
Q

Which four cancers are the source of 80% bone mets?

A

Lung

Breast

Renal

Prostate

48
Q

How are mets normally spread to bones?

A

Haematogenous

49
Q

Likely sites of bone mets?

A

Skull

Prox humerus

Vertebrae

Pelvis

Prox femur

50
Q

3 types bone mets

A

Lytic

Sclerotic

Mixed

51
Q

Bone mets can be bone ____ or bone _____

A

Loss or formation

52
Q

Which imaging modalities are good to see bone mets?

A

X-ray: difficult to see if <30-50% density loss

CT good

MRI sens to bone marrow changes

4th Year CCC (19 decks)

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