CC5,6,7- bonding Flashcards
how can you tell which group (column) an element is in?
the number of electrons in the outer shell
how can you tell which period (row) an element is in?
the number of shells the element has
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
how do you calculate relative atomic mass?
(% of isotope 1 x mass of isotope 1) + (% of isotope 2 x mass of isotope 2) / 100
give an example of ionic bonding
sodium chloride, NaCl (salt)
what happens when sodium and chlorine bond?
The sodium has one electron on its outer shell, which is transferred to the chlorine atom. This gives both a full outer shell, and the sodium becomes positively charged, while the chlorine has a negative charge.
what is an ion?
a charged atom
How do ions become charged
by gaining or losing NEGATIVLEY CHARGED electrons
properties of ionic compounds (7)
- giant lattice structure
- attraction between + and - ions
- conduct electricity when molten/ disolved in water
- electrons can move
- high melting and boiling point
- electrostatic attraction
- between a metal and non-metal
what is electrostatic attraction?
when oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other - non contact force.
What is covalent bonding?
bonding between non-metals, atoms gain a full outer shell of electrons by sharing pairs of electrons
properties of covalent compounds?
- simple structure
- low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces of attraction
- never conducts electricity - electrons have no charge
- between nonmetals
properties of metallic bonds
- conduct electricity
- strong giant structure
- bonding between metals
- high melting and boiling points
- malleable - layers can move past eachother
how do metallic compounds conduct electricity if theyre solids?
the have delocalised electrons that can move within the structure
What is an allotrope?
Different forms of the same element