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3rd year 2024 > CC1 PROTEIN SEMI STUDY QUESTIONS > Flashcards

CC1 PROTEIN SEMI STUDY QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

excessive consumption of purine-rich food

A

ELEVATES URIC ACID

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2
Q

harmful to cells and may decrease athletic performance.

A

Increased level of AMMONIA

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3
Q

occurs when more than 2 grams per kilogram of ideal body weight per day is consumed.

A

Stress on KIDNEYS

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4
Q

leads to osteoporosis, occurs with high

A

CALCIUM LOSS

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5
Q

Two amino acids joined together by a
peptide bond form a

A

DIPEPTIDE

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6
Q

activated by gastric acidity and by
autoactivation

A

Pepsinogen

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7
Q

-hormone that stimulates the secretion of both pepsinogen and HCI
-produced by the antrum during ingestion of food

A

Gastrin

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8
Q

where the enzyme pepsin is secreted by the chief cells as a proenzyme or zymogen

A

Gastric Phase

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9
Q

-cleave proteins in their internal
sites
-Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by the action

A

Endopeptidase

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9
Q

stimulates the pancreas to produce a protein-free electrolyte solution
rich in bicarbonates

A

SECRETIN

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10
Q

cleave one amino acid from the carboxyl-termflus of the polypeptide

A

carboxypeptidases

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11
Q

Secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice is mediated by the hormone

A

PANCREOZYMIN OR CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK)

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11
Q

TRYPSIN activates

A

-chymotrypsinogen
-pro-elastase
-procarboxypeptidase.

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11
Q

mediated by peptidases produced
by the mucosal cells

A

Intestinal Phase

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12
Q

hydrolyze the residual peptides

A

Aminopeptidases and dipeptidases

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12
Q

most of the amino acids in nature are

A

L-AMINO ACIDS

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12
Q

Four major groups of amino acids:

A

-non polar or hydrophobic
-uncharged polar
-acidic
-basic amino acids

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13
Q

act as biologic catalysts

A

Enzymes

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13
Q

the transporter across the mucosal cell membrane involves

A

MEISTER CYCLE

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14
Q

PROTEINS that function for transport and storage of certain substances.

A

-albumin
-lipoproteins
-hemoglobin
-transferrin
-ceruloplasmin

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15
Q

function for mechanical support

A

Collagen and Keratin

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16
Q

protect the body from invading microorganisms

A

Immunoglobulins

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17
Q

Cellular growth and differentiation are also controlled by

A

REGULATORY PROTEIN

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18
Q

supersecondary structures called ______ are seen in the protein

A

MOTIFS

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19
Q

is formed from larger domains of

A

tertiary structure

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20
Q

fundamental functional and structural unit of hydrogen bonding

A

DOMAIN

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21
Q

The plasma total proteins are within the range of

A

60-70 g/L or 6.0-7.8 g/d

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22
Q

The Nesslerization reaction involves reaction of the liberated ammonium ions with Nesssler’s reagent to form dimercuric ammonium
iodide which is

A

yellow to orange brown

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22
Q

Proteins may be measured by liberating their nitrogen content using

A

KJELDAHL

22
Q

________are sources of antibodies. On the other hand, ________ is for blood
clotting

A

-Gamma-globulins
-Fibrinogen

23
Q

The total proteins include:

A

ALBUMIN (32-45 g/L)
GLOBULIN (23-35 g/L)
FIBRINOGEN (2-4 g/L).

23
Q

catalyst used is

A

sodium nitroprusside

24
Q

is measured between 540-560
nm

A

Purple complex

24
Q

based on the ability of the peptide bonds to react with copper ions to form a purple

A

“biuret”complex

25
Q

Among the adaptations of Biuret reaction are the

A

Kingsley-Biuret and Weischellboum

25
Q

This method of protein determination is based on the ability of phosphotungstomolybdic acid

A

Folin- Ciocalteau Method

26
Q

-uses Biuret method followed by the
Folin-Ciocalteau’s method
-This approach enhances the color obtained
-More sensitive than Biuret method alone
-Used to consistently obtain accurate protein determinations

A

Protein Lowry Assay

27
Q

-used to detect peptides and amino
acids after paper chromatography
- sensitivity of the test is comparable with that of Coomassie dye method.

A

Coomassie Brilliant

28
Q

Accurate levels are obtained at protein
concentrations greater than 2.5 g/dL

A

Refractometry

29
Q

example of this is the measurement of the specific gravity of blood when
screening for blood donors

A

Specific Gravity

30
Q

mostly due to the presence of tryptophan and to a lesser degree, phenylalanine and tyrosine

A

UV Absorption Method

31
Q

-major component of the a,-globulin fraction
-It acts as a protease inhibitor
-It combines with and inactivate trypsin and elastase

A

a1-Antitrypsin (AAT)

32
Q

-one of the largest non immunoglobulin
proteins in the plasma.
-rises tenfold or more in nephritic syndrome

A

a2 Macroglobulin (AMG)

33
Q

-migrates in the a2-region
-combines with hemoglobin released by lysis of RBC

A

Haptoglobin

34
Q

-This is the (LDL)
-migrates with a characteristic sharp leading edge and a feathery trailing edge.

A

B-lipoprotein

35
Q

-also known as siderophilin
-major B-globulin protein
-transports ferric ions from iron stores

A

Transferrin

36
Q

-travels with the B-globulins
during electrophoresis
-C3 is decreased in autoimmune diseases

A

Complement

37
Q

-most abundant of the coagulation
factors
-increased in pregnancy and use of birth control pills
-decreased during the activation of the
coagulation factors
-migrates between the B and y fractions
-measured by the Parfentjev method

A

Fibrinogen

38
Q

-an a2-globulin and it binds w/ copper
-exhibits an oxidase activity
-Deficiency of this protein is called Wilson’s
disease

A

Ceruloplasmin

39
Q

-called group-specific component (Gc)
globulin
-binds with vitamin D
-It migrates as an a,-globulin

A

Gc-globulin

40
Q

a B-globulin and it binds with heme
released from hemoglobin

A

Hemopexin

41
Q

-also known as orosomucoid
-minimize its visualization by standard protein
stains

A

a1-acid glycoprotein

42
Q

-seen in tissue necrosis
-most sensitive acute phase reactant

A

C-reactive protein

43
Q

Amino acid transport disorders:

A
  1. Cystinuria
  2. Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria
  3. Hartnup diseas
44
Q

Amino acid storage disease:

A
  1. Glutaric acidemia type 2
45
Q

impaired metabolism of phenylalanine

A

autosomal recessive

46
Q

can act as poisons for people with phenylketonuria.

A

Aspartame

47
Q

musty odor to the baby’s sweat and urine due to

A

Phenylacetate

48
Q

due to a defect in the enzyme homogentisate
1,2-dioxygenase

A

ALKAPTONURIA (BLACK URINE DISEASE)

49
Q

-leads to a multisystemic disorder of
the connective tissue, muscles, CNS, and
cardiovascular system

A

HOMOCYSTINURIA

50
Q

-body cannot effectively break
down the amino acid tyrosine
-Symptoms include liver and kidney
disturbances and mental retardation, & can
be fatal

A

TYROSINEMIA

51
Q

most severe Tyrosinemia, caused by a deficiency of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase

A

Type 1 Tyrosinemia

52
Q

-developing on the pressure points of the palm of the hand and sole of the foot
-caused by a deficiency of the enzyme
tyrosine aminotransferase

A

Tyrosinemia type Il

53
Q

rare disorder caused by a deficiency of
the enzyme 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvate
dioxygenase

A

Type Ill tyrosinemia

54
Q

-fish malodor syndrome
-giving off a strong fishy odor or strong
body odor

A

TRIMETHYLAMINURIA (TMAU)

55
Q

affecting the proper absorption of nonpolar amino acids from the intestine and cannot reabsorb them properly from tubules

A

HARTNUP DISEASE (PELLAGRA-LIKE DERMATOSIS)

56
Q

autosomal recessive urea cycle
disorder that causes ammonia and other toxic
substances to accumulate in the blood

A

CITRULLINEMIA /CITRULLINURIA

57
Q

-ammonia builds up in the body & affected
infants present lack of energy
-Mutations in the ASS gene

A

Type 1 citrullinemia

58
Q

-Characterized by confusion, aggression, irritability, and hyperactivity, seizures, and coma
-It involves mutations in

A

Type ll citrullinemia SLC25A13 gene

59
Q

-caused by mutations in the SLC341 and SLCYAS
-resulting in cystine crystals & kidney stone
formations

A

CYSTINURIA

60
Q

-Characterized by defects in the ability of the body to use proteins and fats for energy, leading to acidosis
-Mutations in the ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH gene
-odor of SWEATY FEET
-ENLARGMENT of LIVER, HEART FAILURE

A

GLUTARIC ACIDEMIA TYPE 2

3rd year 2024 (4 decks)

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