CC Mitigation Approaches Flashcards
It is interventions aimed at reducing
the severity of climate change
Mitigation
It is adjusting to actual or expected
future climate
Adaptation
What is the goal of adaptation?
to reduce our vulnerability to the harmful effects of climate change
Climate Change Mitigation Approaches
- Conventional Mitigation Efforts
- Negative Emissions Technologies
- Radiative Forcing Geoengineering Technologies
This employ decarbonization technologies and techniques that reduce CO2 emissions, such as:
* renewable energy
* fuel switching
* efficiency gains
* nuclear power
* carbon capture storage
Conventional Mitigation Efforts
What are the decarbonization technologies and techniques that reduce CO2 emissions?
- renewable energy
- fuel switching
- efficiency gains
- nuclear power
- carbon capture storage
It is transitioning from “carbon-intense” fuels (like gasoline or propane) to low- or zerocarbon alternatives (like renewable energy)
in our homes and vehicles
FUEL SWITCHING
In here the power sector are achieved through improvements in thermal power plants by enhancing the efficiency of fuel combustion as well as improving turbine generator efficiencies
EFFICIENT GAINS
It is a promising technology as a potential decarbonization approach to be applied to the power as well as the industrial sectors
CARBON STORAGE AND CAPTURE
Also referred to as carbon dioxide removal methods.
Negative Emissions Technologies
These techniques are potentially
deployed to capture and sequester CO2 from the atmosphere.
Negative Emissions Technologies
Negative Emissions Technologies
- BIOENERGY WITH CARBON STORAGE AND CAPTURE
- BIOCHAR
- ENHANCED TERRESTRIAL WEATHERING
- DIRECT AIR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
- OCEAN FERTILIZATION
- OCEAN ALKALINITY ENHANCEMENT
- SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION
- REFORESTATION AND AFFORESTATION
- WETLAND CONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION
The basic principle behind the technology is biomass biologically captures atmospheric CO2 through
photosynthesis during growth, which is then utilized for energy production through combustion.
BIOENERGY WITH CARBON STORAGE AND CAPTURE
The CO2 emissions realized upon combustion are then captured and stored in suitable ___________ _______.
geological reservoirs
a charcoal-like substance that’s made by burning organic material from agricultural and forestry wastes (also called biomass) in a controlled process called pyrolysis.
Biochar
a controlled process of burning organic material from agricultural and forestry wastes (also called biomass) to produce a biochar.
Pyrolysis
Biochar is produced using a specific process to reduce _______ and ____ store carbon.
contamination and safely
an approach that can accelerate the weathering process to enhance CO2
uptake on a much shorter timescale.
ENHANCED TERRESTRIAL WEATHERING
This is achieved through milling silicate rocks to increase its reactive
surface and enhance its mineral dissolution rate. The ground material is then applied to croplands
providing a multitude of co-benefits.
ENHANCED TERRESTRIAL WEATHERING
The underlying principle behind this technology is the use of chemical bonding to remove atmospheric CO2 directly from the air and then
store it in geological reservoirs.
DIRECT AIR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
the process of adding nutrients, macro such as phosphorus and nitrates as well as micro such as iron, to the upper surface of the ocean to enhance CO2 uptake by promoting biological activity.
OCEAN FERTILIZATION
What is the role of iron in the ocean?
It causes growth of phytoplankton which captures CO2
These are microscopic organisms found at the surface layer of oceans and are important contributor to the concept of oceanic carbon sequestration
Phytoplankton
The sequestered CO2, in the form
of organic marine biomass, is
naturally transported to the deep
ocean; this process is termed
___ _______ ___.
“the biological pump”
an approach to carbon removal that involves adding alkaline substances to seawater to enhance the ocean’s natural carbon sink
OCEAN ALKALINITY ENHANCEMENT
Alkaline substances that can enhance the ocean’s natural carbon sink
Olivine
Lime
Some industrial byproducts
The process of capturing atmospheric CO2 through
changing land management practices to increase soil carbon content
SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION
establishing of a new forest
Afforestation
- re-establishing previous forest
areas that have undergone deforestation or degradation
Reforestation
already been widely adopted on a global level and have already
been integrated within climate policies through the Kyoto protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism program since the 1990s.
REFORESTATION AND AFFORESTATION
It is an ecosystem that accumulates plant material overtime and store an average of 10x more carbon per nectare than any other ecosystem.
peatland
high carbon density ecosystems that
facilitate atmospheric carbon sequestration through photosynthesis and subsequent storage in above-ground and below-ground biomass as well as soil organic matter.
Wetlands
Examples of wetlands or blue carbon ecosystems
Peatlands
Mangrove Forest
Tidal Marshes
Seagrass Meadows
the carbon captured by the
oceans and coastal ecosystem including seaweed and sediments
Blue Carbon
the soot emitted during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in coal-fired power plants, cars and other equipment.
Black Carbon
originates primarily during the combustion of organic biomass and is a close cousin of black carbon
Brown Carbon
- it includes all living biological particles on snow and ice that reduce albedo to survive
Red Carbon
- reflects the carbon sequestered by land ecosystems
Green Carbon
the carbon stored in inland freshwater wetlands
Teal Carbon
a set of technologies that aim to alter the earth’s radiative energy budget to stabilize or reduce global temperatures.
Radiative Forcing Geoengineering
Technologies
Radiative Forcing Geoengineering
Technologies
Space-based mirrors
Cirrus Cloud Thinning
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
Surface-based Brightening
Marine Sky Brightening
The main objective is temperature stabilization or reduction
Radiative Forcing Geoengineering Technologies
one of the prominent negative emissions technologies and as potential route to meet temperature goals. The basic principle behind the technology is biomass biologically captures atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis during growth
Bioenergy carbon capture and storage
