CC Flashcards

1
Q

Which laboratory performance characteristics are more relevant for
diagnosis of disease and therapeutic monitoring?
A. Specificity and Precision
B. Sensitivity and Specificity
C. sensitivity and Accuracy
D. Accuracy and Precision

A

B. Sensitivity and Specificity

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2
Q

Which statement about chronic toxicity is NOT correct?
A. Toxic effect: Always severe
B. Frequency of exposure: repeated
C. Dose: insufficient to cause an immediate response
D. Duration of exposure: extended periods

A

A. Toxic effect: Always severe

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3
Q

Enzymes are involved in which of the following processes?
(1) Anabolism
(2) Catabolism
(3) Energy generation
A. 1,2, and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 2
D. 1 and 3

A

A. 1,2, and 3

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4
Q

Using the cutoff points for serum cholesterol, which are group, expressed
in years, matches the levels of risk for developing coronary heart disease?
● Moderate risk if cholesterol is greater than 240 mg/dL
● High risk if cholesterol is greater than 250 mg/dL
A. 40 and over
B. 30-39
C. 20-29
D. 2-19

A

A. 40 and over

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5
Q

Which is a major protein constituent of LDL?
A. ApoD
B. ApoB
C. Apo C
D. Apo A

A

B. ApoB

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6
Q

Which statistical calculation indicates the extent of variation of the
observation?
(1) Mode
(2) Range
(3) Variance
(4) Standard deviation
A. 2, 3 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1 and 4

A

A. 2, 3 and 4

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7
Q

Which is NOT a catabolite of protein and nucleic acid metabolism?
A. Urea
B. Glucose
C. Uric acid
D. Creatinine

A

D. Creatinine

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8
Q

Which is a major waste product of protein catabolism?
A. Creatinine
B. Urea
C. Ammonia
D. Uric Acid

A

B. Urea

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9
Q

Which analyte is affected by diurnal variation (high in the Morning) ?

A. Thyroxine
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Cholesterol

A

B. Iron

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10
Q

Which is NOT a hazard associated with the use of liquid nitrogen?
A. Shock
B. Thermal burns
C. Explosion
D. Asphyxiation

A

A. Shock

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11
Q

The formula below is used to compute for ______ expressed in mg/dL
[total cholesterol - HDL] - [Triglyceride / 5]

A. LDL
B. VLDL
C. IDL
D. Lp (a)

A

A. LDL

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12
Q

Which analytic techniques do NOT measure the concentration of solute
particles in a solution?
(1) Osmometry
(2) Fluorometry
(3) Turbidimetry
(4) Nephelometry
A. 1,3, and 4
B. 2 and 4
C. 2,3, and 4
D. 1 and 3

A

C. 2,3, and 4

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13
Q

It is visually detected in the standing plasma test as a floating cream layer.
Which lipoprotein is present?
A. VLDL
B. LDL
C. HDL
D. Chylomicrons

A

D. Chylomicrons

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14
Q

Which is the steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum and placenta
that prepares the endometrium for blastocyst implantation and maintains
pregnancy?
A. Progesterone
B. Estriol
C. hPL
D. hCG

A

A. Progesterone

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15
Q

Which is a biochemical marker for bone resorption?
A. Cross-linked C-telopeptides
B. Fibronectin
C. B-trace protein
D. Myoglobin

A

A. Cross-linked C-telopeptides

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16
Q

If serum appears opaque and milky after a 12-hr fast, triglyceride level is
probably ___ mg/dL?
A. Less than 100
B. Greater than 300
C. Greater than 600
D. Less than 200

A

C. Greater than 600

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17
Q

Which centrifuge is used when rapid centrifugation of solution is needed?
A. Horizontal-head
B. Cytocentrifuge
C. None of the items
D. Fixed-angle head

A

D. Fixed-angle head

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18
Q

Which is NOT a macroenzyme?
A. ACP
B. G6PD
C. GGT
D. ALP

A

B. G6PD

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19
Q

Which is a nondestructive technique for determining the structure of
organic compound and has been adapted for only a limited number of clinical
laboratory analyses, the most popular being lipoprotein particle
measurements?
A. Mass spectrometry
B. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
C. Scintillation
D. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A

D. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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20
Q

Which has the highest protein content?
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons

A

A. HDL

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21
Q

Which stimulates the thyroid to release T4 and T3?
A. DIT
B. TRH
C. TSH
D. MIT

A

C. TSH

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22
Q

Which is part of spectrophotometry?
A. Nephelometry
B. Potentiometry
C. Atomic absorption
D. Gas chromatography

A

C. Atomic absorption

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23
Q

Which refers to Type 1 diabetes?
(1) Usually diagnosed in children
(2) Results from B-cell destruction
(3) Usual leads to absolute insulin deficiency
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 2
D. 1, 2 and 3

A

D. 1, 2 and 3

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24
Q

Which is a sensitive assay for renal tubular integrity?
A. B2 microglobulin
B. Plasma urea
C. Plasma creatinine
D. Creatinine clearance

A

A. B2 microglobulin

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25
Q

Which are non-protein molecules used by enzymes to show full activity?
A. Ligands
B. Cofactors
C. Sugars
D. Fats

A

B. Cofactors

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26
Q

Assesses excretory function and synthetic capability of the liver except?
A. Bilirubin
B. Albumin
C. Prothrombin time
D. Transaminases

A

D. Transaminases

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27
Q

What is the value of 6.0 g/dL albumin in g/L?
A. 105
B. 80
C. 40
D. 60

A

D. 60

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28
Q

Which enzyme has a moderate specificity to liver, heart and skeletal
muscles?
A. AST
B. CPK
C. ALT
D. LDH

A

A. AST

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29
Q

What type of fire extinguisher may be used on a computer?
A. Halon
B. Dry chemical
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Pressurized water

A

A. Halon

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30
Q

Hypernatremia is defined as a serum/plasma sodium level greater than
mmol/l
A. 150
B. 160
C. 142
D. 155

A

A. 150

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31
Q

In the H-H equation, the numerator denotes the ___ factor?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Heart
D. Lungs

A

B. Kidney

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32
Q

What is the effect on draw volume if evacuated tubes are stored at high
temperature?
A. Decrease
B. None
C. Intermediate
D. Increase

A

A. Decrease

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33
Q

Which condition cause cardiac arrest and can occur in the absence of any
warning clinical symptoms
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperkalemia

A

D. Hyperkalemia

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34
Q

When compared with circulating T3, levels of T4 are
A. The same
B. Variable
C. Lower
D. Higher

A

D. Higher

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35
Q

BUN will be significantly increased when GFR is decreased by at least ___%
A. 25
B. 100
C. 50
D. 75

A

C. 50

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36
Q

Which are antiasthmatic drugs?
(1) Theophylline (2) Theobromine (3) Digoxin (4) Lithium
A. 2 and 4
B. 3 and 4
C. 1 and 3
D. 1 and 2

A

D. 1 and 2

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37
Q

Which class of enzymes catalyze structural shifts in a molecule, causing a
change in _____.
A. Isomerases
B. Ligases
C. Transferases
D. Oxidoreductases

A

A. Isomerases

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38
Q

The needle gauge used in pediatric venipuncture

A

23

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39
Q

Which does NOT refer to neonatal primary hypothyroidism?
A. Growth deficiency
B. Mental retardation
C. Thyroiditis
D. Cretinism

A

C. Thyroiditis

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40
Q

If blood was collected using an anticoagulant, how would the volume of
plasma be USUALLY described compared to blood collected without the
anticoagulant and serum is obtained instead?
A. Same
B. Greater
C. Indeterminate
D. Lower

A

B. Greater

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41
Q

Which condition shows a low A/G ratio?
A. Multiple myeloma, Cirrhosis, and Nephrotic syndrome
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Multiple myeloma and Cirrhosis
D. Cirrhosis

A

A. Multiple myeloma, Cirrhosis, and Nephrotic syndrome

42
Q

Which is the result of urea being reabsorbed into the circulation due to
obstruction?
A. None of the items
B. Post-renal azotemia
C. Pre-renal azotemia
D. Renal azotemia

A

B. Post-renal azotemia

43
Q

Which Immunoassay Method for Thyroxine Testing is referred to? To
*peroxidase-labeled antibody binds with patient hormone (antigen form
complex similar to ELISA) *addition of acridium esters substrate forms an
oxidized product that emits light for short time.
A. Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition
B. Microparticle Enzyme
C. Chemiluminescence
D. Fluorescent Polarization

A

C. Chemiluminescence

44
Q

Practice of safety in the laboratory involves?
A. The heads and supervisors only
B. The laboratory aides handling the laboratory waste
C. Everyone working in the laboratory
D. The medical technologists doing the tests

A

C. Everyone working in the laboratory

45
Q

It interferes with protein sulfhydryl group in protein coenzymes, reduces
oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Which metal is referred to?
A. Mercury
B. Lead
C, Iron
D. Arsenic

A

D. Arsenic

46
Q

Which are causes of pseudohyperkalemia?
(1) In-vitro hemolysis
(2) Thrombocytosis
(3) Prolonged tourniquet use
(4) Excessive fist clenching
A. 1, 2, 3, and 4
B. 1, 3, and 4
C. 1 and 2
D. 3 and 4

A

A. 1, 2, 3, and 4

47
Q

Which is necessary for enzyme activity?
A. Coenzymes
B. Cofactors
C. Activators
D. Isoenzymes

A

B. Cofactors

48
Q

Which are considered when interpreting ABGs in the clinical setting?
(1) Acid-base status
(2) Alveolar ventilation
(3) Oxygenation status and O2 transport
(4) Carboxyhemoglobin
A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1, 2, 3, and 4
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 1 and 3

A

A. 1, 2, and 3

49
Q

Which measurement of uric acid lacks specificity and has problems with
turbidity?
A. Colorimetric: endpoint
B. Colorimetric: kinetic
C. Enzymatic: UV
D. Enzymatic: H2O2

A

A. Colorimetric: endpoint

50
Q

Which Immunoassay Method for Thyroxine Testing is referred to?
● Fluorophozelabeled thyroxine competes with patient thyroxine for
antibody
● Antibody-bound labelled thyroxine rotates slowly, emitting lower energy
light
● Reactions is inversely proportional
A. Microparticle Enzyme
B. Fluorescent Polarization
C. Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition
D. Chemiluminescence

A

B. Fluorescent Polarization

51
Q

Which does NOT(looking for DM2) refere to IDDM?
A. Age of onset - usually before 20 years of age
B. Serum Insulin - very low
C. None of the items
D. Presence of Ketone bodies - usually

A

C. None of the items

52
Q

Which formula is used to estimate osmolality?
A. Osmolality = [Na+] + [urea] + [glucose]
B. Osmolality = [Na+] + [urea] + 2x [Glucose]
C. Osmolality = [Na+] + 2x[ {urea] + [Glucose]
D. Osmolality = 2x [Na+] + [urea] + [Glucose]

A

D. Osmolality = 2x [Na+] + [urea] + [Glucose]

53
Q

The usual lipid studies require fasting for ____ hours
A. 12
B. 10
C. 9
D. 6

A

A. 12

54
Q

The gram-molecular weight of NaCl is 58.5. What is the molarity of a
solution containing 75g of NaCl per liter?
A. 1.3
B. 1.7
C. 1.0
D. 1.6

A

A. 1.3

55
Q

The concept of treating all blood and body fluids as capable of transmitting
infectious diseases is
A. Safe practice standards
B. Infection Control
C. Universal Precautions (nearest correct answer)
D. Safety Protocol

A

C. Universal Precautions (nearest correct answer)

56
Q

Violation of which rule does NOT indicate systematic error?
A. 13s
B. 41s
C. 10 mean
D. 22s

A

A. 13s

57
Q

What should be done if re-centrifuging is necessary?
A. re-spin the primary tube
B. re-spin in cold centrifuge
C. transfer the serum to another tube, then re-spin
D. re-spin if the tube is gel tube

A

C. transfer the serum to another tube, then re-spin

58
Q

Has random access system?
A. Continuous flow
B. centrifugal
C. discrete
D. aota

A

C. discrete

59
Q

Preferred unit for reporting:
A. mg/dL
B. mol/L
C. mmol/L
D. umol/L

A

B. mol/L

60
Q

Green color shows highest transmittance at
A. 525 nm
B. 450 nm
C. 600 nm
D. 750 nm

A

A. 525 nm

61
Q

_____ of radiant energy emitted falls in the visible region, with most emitted
as near-infrared
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 5%
D. 20%

A

B. 15%

62
Q

NOT included in SDS or MSDS
A. Spill and disposal procedures
B. Primary routes of entry
C. Special information center
D. Education of employees annually and catalog number

A

D. Education of employees annually and catalog number

63
Q

NOT a physical hazard
A. Ergonomic
B. Noise
C. Aerosols from centrifugation
D. Opened shoes

A

C. Aerosols from centrifugation

64
Q

Cleaning surface with disinfectant:
A. Administrative control
B. Engineering control
C. PPE
D. Emergency kit

A

A. Administrative control

65
Q

HCG kit for pregnancy uses:
A. Immunochromatography
B. Colorimetry
C. Turbidimetry
D. Electrochemistry

A

Immunochromatography

66
Q

For 40 years old and above, there is moderate risk of developing coronary
heart disease when cholesterol is greater than
A. 240 mg/dL
B. 280 mg/dL
C. 200 mg/dL
D. 260 mg/dL

A

A. 240 mg/dL

67
Q

What is the value of 200 mg/dL glucose in mmol/L?
A. 8.5
B. 10.50
C. 11.0
D. 13.75

A

C. 11.0

68
Q

Which is a commonly used clearance test used as a rough estimate of
glomerular filtration rate?
A. eGFR
B. Inulin
C. CKD-EPI
D. Creatinine

A

D. Creatinine

69
Q

Positive displacement pipet:
A. With no air cushion
B. All of the items
C. Can pipette high density samples
D. Aspiration force remains constant

A

B. All of the items

70
Q

The 3-day old neonate, recently discharged from a delivery suite, has
inadequate protein feeding for the next 24 hours after discharge. What will be
the effect on the thyroxine levels compared to the normal reference ranges?
A. Higher
B. Indeterminate
C. Nothing
D. Lower

A

D. Lower

71
Q

Which is not attributed to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?
A. Hirsutism
B. Infertility
C. Obesity
D. Myxedema

A

D. Myxedema

72
Q

During drug administration, the spread of drug via circulatory system to
organs and tissues throught the body is____________.
A. Elimination
B. Metabolism
C. Distribution
D. Absorption

A

C. Distribution

73
Q

A comprehensive program in an institution in which all areas of operation
are monitored to ensure quality with the aim of providing the highest quality
patient care is?
A. Assessment
B. Control
C. Assurance
D. Systems

A

C. Assurance

74
Q

Which is considered as medical emergency?
(1) Ketoacidosis
(2) Glycosuria
(3) Marked Hyperkalemia
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3

A

B. 1 and 3

75
Q

The major role of regulation of water balance in the body is attributed to
which cation
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Potassium
D. Chloride

A

A. Sodium

76
Q

Which are acute phase reactants?
(1) Alpha-acid glycoprotein
(2) Alpha-antitrypsin
(3) C-reactive protein
A. 2 and 3
B.1, 2, and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1 and 2

A

B.1, 2, and 3

77
Q

Glucose measurement using the reducing substances approach may be
erroneously higher by___ mg/dL compared to the enzymatic method?
A.5-15
B. 25-30
C. 15-25
D. 10-20

A

A.5-15

78
Q

Which is an indication of error in the analysis, detected by a progressive
drift of control values in one direction for at least 5 consecutive runs?
A.Shift
B.Contraction
C.Dispersion
D.Trend

A

D.Trend

79
Q

Which test conveys information on hepatocellular damage and necrosis
A.Transaminases
B.Albumin
C.Bilirubin
D.Ammonia

A

A.Transaminases

80
Q

Which hyponatremia is NOT caused by increased sodium loss?
A. Potassium deficiency
B. Diuretic use
C. Renal failure
D. Severe burns

A

C. Renal failure

81
Q

Lithium is a:
A. CNS stimulant
B. CNS depressant
C. Hallucinogen
D. Antidepressant

A

D. Antidepressant

82
Q

A substance that can yield a hydrogen ion (H) or hydronium ion when
dissolved in water is a:
A. Buffer
B. Alkali
C. Acid excess
D. Acid

A

D. Acid

83
Q

Which serve as first responders to stress by acting within seconds?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Catecholamine
D. DHEA

A

C. Catecholamine

84
Q

Which are causes of random error?
(1) Sample evaporation
(2) Electro-optical mechanism
(3) Variation in handling techniques
(4) Variation in operators
A. 1 and 2
B. 3 and 4
C. 1, 2, 3, and 4
D. 1, 3, and 4

A

C. 1, 2, 3, and 4

85
Q

Which inhibits growth hormone secretion, except?
A. Glucose loading
B. Amino acids
C. Thyroxine deficiency
D. Insulin deficiency

A

B. Amino acids

86
Q

Which is the MOST likely disease?
● TSH - increased
● T4 (total) - increased
● FT4 - increased
● T3 - increased
A. Secondary hypothyroidism
B. Secondary hyperthyroidism
C. Primary hyperthyroidism
D. Primary hypothyroidism

A

B. Secondary hyperthyroidism

87
Q

Which Immunoassay method for Thyroxine Testing is referred to?
- Fluorogenic substrate – labeled thyroxine competing with patient T4
for antibody only unbound, leftover labeled T4 reacts with enzyme
to form product reaction is directly
A. Microparticle Enzyme
B. Chemiluminescence
C. Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition
D. Fluorescent Polarization

A

C. Fluorescent Substrate-Labeled Inhibition

88
Q

Which compares the result obtained for one specimen with the previous
results (s) obtained for the same patient?
A. Randomized duplicate specimen
B. Average normals
C. Delta check
D. Pattern recognition

A

C. Delta check

89
Q

Which illicit drug is commonly referred to as “ecstasy”?
A. Phencyclidine
B. Cocaine
C. Opiates
D.Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA)

A

D.Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA)

90
Q

Which characterizes chronic glomerular nephritis?
1. Slowly developing disease
2. Gradual uremia
3. Loss of functioning nephrons
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3

A

D. 1, 2 and 3

91
Q

Which are acceptable dress code policy in the laboratory?
1. Comfortable foot wear such as sandals and flip-flops
2. Clean laboratory coats
3. Minimal use of jewelry
4. Shoulder-length hair pulled back and secured
A. 1 and 4
B. 2, 3, and 4
C. 1 and 2
D. 2 and 3

A

B. 2, 3, and 4

92
Q

Which electrolytes are essential components in acid-base balance?
1. Bicarbonate
2. Calcium
3. Potassium
4. Chloride
A. 1, 3, and 4
B. 1, 2, and, 3
C. 1 and 4
D. 2 and 3

A

A. 1, 3, and 4

93
Q

Which is a pathologic cause of increased AMS?
A. Acute abdominal disorder
B. Intestinal obstruction
C. Acute Pancreatitis
D. Perforated duodenal ulcer

A

C. Acute Pancreatitis

94
Q

Which statement is NOT true about Leutenizing Hormone?
A. Acts on Leydig cells which stimulate the production of androgens
B. Involved in the development of corpus luteum, especially in its secreting phase
C. Involved during the formation of gametes
D. Has no specific function during the development of primary sex organs

A

D. Has no specific function during the development of primary sex organs

95
Q

Which of the following refer to 13s?
1. Range between two observations in the same run exceed 4 SD
2. Detects Imprecision or systematic bias
3. Rejected and there will be additional investigation
4. One observation exceeds 3SD from the target.
A. 2 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 3 and 4

A

D. 3 and 4

96
Q

Which protein is quantified by standard protein electrophoresis
1. Fibrinogen
2. Transferrin
3. C3
A. 1,2, and 3
B. 1 and 2
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 and 3

A

C. 2 and 3

97
Q

Electrolytes, glucose, BUN, Creatinine, and osmolality examinations have
been performed on a patient suspected of ingesting ethanol. What can be done
to help reveal this condition without additional tests?
A. Determine anion gap
B. Determine glycemic index
C. Compare measured and computed osmolality
D. Compute osmolality

A

C. Compare measured and computed osmolality

98
Q

Which are the causes of random error?
1. Temperature of analyzer
2. Reagent dispensing
3. Instability of instrument
4. Calibration differences
A. 1 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1,2,3 and 4
D. 1,2, and 3

A

D. 1,2, and 3

99
Q

Which analyte is SIGNIFICANTLY affected by a change in posture from
supine to a sitting or standing position?
A. Protein
B. Calcium
C. Aldosterone
D. Magnesium

A

B. Calcium

100
Q

Which statements refer to Type 1 diabetes?
A. Result from B-cell destruction and usually diagnosed in children.
B. Results from B-Cell destruction and usually leads to absolute insulin
deficiency, and usually diagnosed in children.
C. Usually leads to absolute insulin deficiency and is usually diagnosed in children.
D. results from B-cell destruction and usually leads to absolute insulin deficiency.

A

B. Results from B-Cell destruction and usually leads to absolute insulin
deficiency, and usually diagnosed in children.