CBT Flashcards
What does the first-wave of CBT entail?
Behavioural therapy (1950/60)
Concerned with what shapes behaviour and how to reshape it.
Key methods: classical conditioning, operational conditioning and systematic desensitisation.
What does the second wave of CBT entail?
Need to understand the underlying mental states and feelings that shape experience and behaviour.
Ellis introduced Rational Emotive Therapy - confronting irrational thoughts and should statements
Beck introduced the cognitive theory of depression - triad of negative views of the self, future and world. Beck envisioned a collaborative process to find a balanced way of thinking and dealing with ANTs.
Focus is on metacognition.
What is meta-cognition?
Thinking about the way we think.
Central to the second wave of CBT.
Helps clients develop awareness and understanding of ANTs.
Can be tracked using a thought record.
What does the third wave of CBT entail?
Encompasses various interventions with similar components.
1) Time limited
2) Goal-oriented
3) Emphasis on values and life
4) Skill development
These can be both diagnosis specific or transdiagnostic.
Tim Gets Very Sore dimples
What are the components of skill development in 3rd wave CBT?
Clients work on: coping skills, problem solving skills, relational skills, and mindfulness skills.
Give examples of 3 diagnosis specific CBT interventions.
1) Behavioural Activation
- For depression, replacing negative avoidant behaviours with new rewarding ones. These new behaviours should be self-reinforcing.
2) Trauma-focused CBT
- for substance abuse, focus on exploring hesitations about making change and strengthening motivation to change.
3) DBT
- for BPD and complex trauma, developing emotional regulation and interpersonal skills.
Give examples of 3 transdiagnostic CBT interventions.
1) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- develop psychological flexibility and identify personal values that guide behaviours.
2) Problem Solving therapy
- identifying current problems, generating, implementing and evaluating solutions.
3) Common Elements Treatment Approach
- combines EBT for a range of disorders into a single model, makes a modular, flexible approach to meet client needs.
What are Automatic Negative Thoughts?
Negative thoughts that influence how we act.
Basic principle that what we think influences how we react - not just the situation.
These are cognitive reflexes that have triggers.
Core beliefs help determine where ANT’s come from (what we hold true to ourselves and identity formation in childhood).
Give examples of 5 of 11 ANT’s
All or nothing thinking
Over-generalisation
Mental filter
Disqualifying the negative
Jumping to conclusions
Magnification/minimization
Emotional reasoning
Should statements
Labelling
Personalisation
What are the two types of jumping to conclusions?
Mind reading - impute negative intentions of feelings on people with no evidence
Fortune-telling Error - anticipate something and take fact that it will turn out bad
What are some differences/comparisons with CBT and psychodynamic therapies?
CBT recognises unconscious realm (PDT operates within) but does not focus on it. Focus is on core beliefs that underlie ANTs
ANTs are not conscious
Automatic thoughts are not repressed but operate below surface levels but can be brought into consciousness.
CBT recognises importance of past but focus on how thoughts and behaviours from childhood maintain current behaviours.
How is CBT viewed in HIC’s?
Has received a lot of RCT’s - they are good and easy to use for standardisation.
Very effective in anxiety - both passive and active control conditions
Mixed results for depression
Effective in both groups and individual cases
How is CBT viewed in LMIC’s?
Effective in treating most CMI’s
Effectiveness for depression.
Must consider cultural adaptations e.g., using problem solving therapy in Friendship bench
What are the two types of cultural adaptations you can make with CBT?
Surface - language and terminology
Deeper level - using insiders like task-sharing.
What are low intensity interventions?
Interventions focused on promotion, psycho-education, screening symptoms and maintaining skills.
Not focused on targeting crisis, active abuse, or severe mental illnesses.
E.g., digital based mental health
