Cbl: Stone Baby (lithopedion)

Question 1

The pathologic calcification is which?

Answer 1

Dystrophic

Question 2

2 kinds of calcification

Answer 2

Dystrophic
Metastatic

Question 3

Dystrophic calcification is when ____ _____ is deposited in necrotic tissue

Answer 3

Calcium phosphate

Question 4

Dead and dying cells cannot regulate the influx of Calcium into their cytosol and this will accumulate in the

Answer 4

Mitochondria

Question 5

In pathologic calcification, serum calcium and phosphate will appear normal.
True or False?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Calcification in chronic pancreatitis, atherosclerotic plaque, and granulomas (tuberculoid in cattle) are all examples of what?

Answer 6

Dystrophic

Question 7

What is taking place in the yellow circle

Answer 7

Calcium being deposited in
Dystrophic calcification

Question 8

Dystrophic calcification is relatively permanent but harmless except for when?

Answer 8

If mechanical interference occurs with function (for example heart valves)

Question 9

Grossly, describe Dystrophic calcification

Answer 9

White gritty feel

Question 10

Microscopically describe Dystrophic calcification

Answer 10

Deep blue with H&E; could be intracellular or extracellular

Question 11

This is a mediastinal lymph node with _________ lesions in an adult female goat with tuberculosis.

Answer 11

Caseocalcerous

Question 12

What kind of stain is this? Used to identify calcium.

Answer 12

Alzarin

Question 13

This method of staining is used for a formalin fixed, paraffin embedded mouse embryo. Calcium will stain brown-black. This stain is not specific for calcium but stains phosphates and carbonates. What is the stain?

Answer 13

Von kossa stain

Question 14

No idea what this is

Answer 14

Could be metastatic calcification

Question 15

Calcification of vessels occurs in cases of mycobacteria.
____ enhances in vitro vascular calcification by promoting _____ differentiation of vascular cells through the cAMP pathway.
Then macrophages secrete analog ____ which leads to hypercalcemia then _____ vessel calcification.
THIS IS METASTATIC CALCIFICATION!!

Answer 15

TNF alpha
osteoblastic
Vit D
pulmonary

Question 16

What kind of calcification is associated with Johne’s disease?

Answer 16

Metastatic

Question 17

Metastatic calcification is when the deposition of calcium phosphate is in ____ tissue.

Answer 17

Normal

Question 18

Entry of large amounts of calcium ions into cells. These ions precipitate in
organelles, mostly mitochondria. What is this describing?

Answer 18

Metastatic calcification

Question 19

Metastatic calcification is due to increased levels of what?

Answer 19

Increased serum calcium and/or phosphate.

Question 20

What are some causes of hypercalcemia?

Answer 20

Primary hyperparathyroidism (rare in Vet Med),
 Hypercalcemia of malignancy,
 Vit D toxicosis

Question 21

What are some causes of hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 21

Renal failure,
1ry hypoparathyroidis

Question 22

Excess phosphate drives Calcium into normal tissue. Examples:
Calcification of renal tubular basement membranes in the collecting ducts. This is an example of what?

Answer 22

Metastatic calcification

Question 23

This is a kidney section. What is happening at those arrows?

Answer 23

Section of kidney showing necrosis and calcification of basement membrane of tubular epithelium

Question 24

The 4 causes of metastatic calcification in order of importance in veterinary medicine

Answer 24

1. Renal failure
   2- Ingestion of calcinogenic products
   3- PTH and PTH-related protein.
   4 - destruction of bone from 1ry or metastatic neoplasms.

Question 25

In the renal failure cause of metastatic calcification, what happens?

Answer 25

Calcium is deposited in gastric mucosa, kidney, alveolar septa.

Question 26

Give an example of a calcinogenic product and what it does

Answer 26

Plants like Cestrum diurnum in herbivores-mineralization of aorta, heart (>R & L atrial endocardium is conspicuous), lungs-

Question 27

Some rodenticides are considered calcinogenic. Why?

Answer 27

Ingestion of rodenticides containing cholecalciferol - will cause mineralization Intestinal mucosa, vessel walls, lung and kidneys.

Question 28

_________ and elevated concentrations of PTHrp can be associated with malignant lymphomas, canine ACA of apocrine glands of the anal sac -Intestinal mucosa, vessel walls, lung and kidney are mineralized

Answer 28

Hypercalcemia