CBG 26 (b)

Question 1

what does the adaptive immune system result in?

Answer 1

Results in memory =
Protection against re-infection with the same pathogen

Specific to a particular antigen – detected by specific receptors on T and B cells

Response improves with time

Question 2

what is the adaptive immune system present in?

Answer 2

vertebrates (earliest =lamprey)

Question 3

WHAT DID JACQUES MILLER DISCOVER?

Answer 3

the thymus produces T cells just around the corner on the Fulham Road

Function of thymus was previously unknown

Question 4

what do b cells produce and what if this sometimes called?

Answer 4

antibodies

humoral immunity

Question 5

how does a B cell become an antibody?

Answer 5

b cell receptor bind to antigen
activated by antigen and helper t cells
differentiation
plasma cells
ANTIBODY

Question 6

T cells? what do the yrecognise an antigen as?

Answer 6

Have t cell receptors that are very picky.

They only recognise a foreign antigen as a peptide on an an MHC molecule presented by an antigen presenting cell (APC)

Question 7

where are t an b cells produced? where are responses initiated?

Answer 7

T cells produced in Thymus B cells produced in bone marrowT and B cell responses are initiated in secondary lymphoid organs - lymph nodes and spleen

Question 8

overall adaptive immunity components versus innate:

Answer 8

innate-epithelial barriers,phagocytes,complement,NK cells

adaptive b lymphocytes-> antibodies

T lymphocytes -> effector t cells

Question 9

what type of response are b lymphocytes involved in?

Answer 9

Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Involves B lymphocytes, plasma cells and antibodies

Question 10

what does cell mediated immunity involve?

Answer 10

T lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells and MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules
Cellular immunity

Question 11

what 2 types of ADAPTIVE immune responses are there?

Answer 11

antibody-mediated immunity

cell-mediated immunity

Question 12

what do t cells differentiate to?

Answer 12

effector cells following antigen presntation by APCs and activate b lymphocytes

Question 13

What 3 types of t cells are there?

Answer 13

helper
cytotoxic
regulatory T cells

Question 14

are antigens only peptides?

Answer 14

although primarily peptides, Carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids are also
potential antigens

Question 15

epitope?

Answer 15

are sites within
antigens to which antigen
receptors bind

Question 16

antigens?

Answer 16

the molecules
recognized by the immune
response

Question 17

how do antibodies work?

Answer 17

bind to epitopes on surface of antigen
epitopes recognized by receptors are often buried
antigen must first be broken down to peptide fragments
the epitope binds to the self molecule (MHC molecule)

t-cel receptor binds to a comple of MHC and epitope peptide

Question 18

Describe the properties of antibodies?

Answer 18

-glycoproteins
-monomers/dimer/pentamers
-4 polypeptide chains:
-2 identical light
-2 identical heavy
variable and constant regions of heavy and light chains

Question 19

what is immunoglobin

Answer 19

Antigen binding molecules of B cells i.e. B cell antigen receptors

Question 20

how are the five antibody classes (isotypes) classed and what are they?

Answer 20

IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, IgE

Based on structural differences in Constant regions of heavy chains.Each Class has specialized effector functions

Question 21

what type of responses are those of T and B cells?

Answer 21

clonal :

B lymphocytes recognize intact pathogenic microorganisms and toxins

B lymphocytes possess specific surface receptors for recognition of specific antigen
IgM and IgD default

Binding of specific antigen results in proliferation of a clonal population of cells

Antigen determines clonal proliferation

Question 22

what are APC’s?

Answer 22

Antigen presenting cells (APC’s)
Macrophages & Dendritic cells

(T lymphocytes respond to antigens on the surface of antigen presenting cells )

Question 23

t cell maturation + post?

Answer 23

Maturation takes place in thymus gland followed by migration to secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 24

IGa GOOD/

Answer 24

CROSSING EPITHELIAL CELLS

Question 25

igE

Answer 25

good at killing parasites