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IHL Exam 1 > CBC Values > Flashcards

CBC Values Flashcards

1
Q

What are the normal Hemoglobin ranges (gm/dL)?

A

Men: 13.6–17.2
Women: 12.0–15.0

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2
Q

What are the normal Hematocrit values (%)?

A

Men: 36–49
Women: 33-43

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3
Q

What are the normal Red cell counts (10^6/µL)?

A

Men: 4.3 - 5.9
Women: 3.5 - 5.0

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4
Q

What is the normal Reticulocyte count (%)?

A

0.5–1.5

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5
Q

What is the normal Mean cell volume (MCV) (µm3 )?

A

82–96

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6
Q

What is the normal Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (pg)?

A

27–33

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7
Q

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (gm/dL)?

A

33–37

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8
Q

What is the normal RBC distribution width?

A

11.5–14.5

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9
Q

What does Mean Corpuscular/Cell Volume (MCV) tell you?

A

It tells you the cell size/volume. Is useful differentiating the anemias into microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic.

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10
Q

What is the calculation for approximating MCV?

A 
MCV= (HCT x 10)/RBC# in millions
HCT = Hematocrit
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11
Q

What are the normal values for WBC count?

A

4,000 - 11,000 cells/mm3 of whole blood (mm3= 1ul).

Can vary quite a bit.

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12
Q

What are the normal WBC distribution values?

A 
Neutrophils: 50 - 70%
Lymphocytes: 20 - 40%
Monocytes: 1 - 6%
Eosinophils: 1 - 5%
Basophils: up to 1%
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13
Q

What is Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)?

A

It is an expression of size distribution of the erythrocytes. Tells you how many different cell shapes are present.

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14
Q

What happens to RDW during most cases of anemia?

A

RDW goes up in 95% cases of anemia. Of these cases (2/3) are megablastic anemia.
If the RDW does not go up in chronic anemia you could be dealing with thalassemia.
Notable exceptions…

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15
Q

What are some examples of microcytic anemia?

A

Fe deficiency, Thalassemia & chronic disease

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16
Q

What are some examples of normocytic anemia?

A

Bleeding, Nutritional, renal insufficiency and hemolysis. Patient history is KEY in implicating bleeding.

17
Q

What are some examples of macrocytic anemia?

A

Certain drugs. Hydroxyurea, zidovudine and alcohol consumption are notorious for causing macrocytic anemia and should be evaluated first. Then rule out B12 or folate deficiency.

18
Q

What is neutrophilia?

A

A high number of neutrophils. Can be caused by acute infections, inflammation, acute hemorrhage, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and malignancy.

19
Q

What is lymphocytosis?

A

A high number of lymphocytes. Can be caused by viral infections, toxoplasmosis, pertussis, and leukemia

20
Q

What is monocytosis?

A

High number of monocytes. Can be caused by infections like TB, as well as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease “IBD”

21
Q

What is eosinophilia?

A

A high number of eosinophils. Can be caused by allergies, malignancy (Hodgkin’s disease), a parasitic infection, and myeloproliferative disorders.

22
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

A low number of neutrophils. Can be caused by brucellosis, typhoid, viruses, chemotherapy, aplastic anemia, B12 & folic acid deficiency.

23
Q

What is lymphopenia?

A

A decreased number of lymphocytes. Can be caused by HIV, steroids, and radiation/chemotherapy.

24
Q

What is Thrombocytosis?

A

A high number of platelets.

25
Q

What are the reactive causes of Thrombocytosis?

A

Vigorous exercise, acute hemorrhage, infections, CANCER.

26
Q

What are the autonomic causes of Thrombocytosis?

A

Polycythemia Vera, chronic granulocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis.

27
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet numbers.

28
Q

What are the causes of Thrombocytopenia?

A
  • (decreased marrow production) Aplastic anemia, chemo/RADs, B12 & folate, Leukemia
  • (increased destruction/sequestration)- immune system attack, splenomegaly.
29
Q

What is the normal platelet (PLT) range?

A

150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.

30
Q

What should you look at first if the patient looks ill?

A

Look at the WBC count first. (Is the WBC above 11 or below 3.5? Look at the differential for clues).

31
Q

What should you look at first if the patient looks weak?

A

Look at Hgb and Hct first. (Is the Hgb lower than 9 or higher than 17? Look at the MCV, MCH, RDW)

32
Q

What should you look at first if the patient bruises easily?

A

Look at platelets first. (Are the platelets lower than 120 or above 350? Look at the WBC next)

33
Q

What is an important diagnostic clue about platelets (PLT) other than coagulation?

A

Platelets are acute phase reactants: increase during infection / inflammation.

34
Q

What are low WBC, Hgb, and PLT values indicative of?

A

A bone marrow issue of some sort.

IHL Exam 1 (8 decks)

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