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CRH > CBC-Intro > Flashcards

CBC-Intro Flashcards

1
Q

what is a CBC?

A

complete blood count; a group of tests to evaluate the hematopoietic system; part of a minimum database that also includes chem panel and urinalysis

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2
Q

list and describe the 3 components of a CBC; plus 2ish extra

A
  1. eyrthrogram: RBC
  2. leukogram: WBC
  3. platelets
    +/- total plasma (solids)
    large animals also include fibrinogen
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3
Q

what does a hematology analyzer assess? (3)

A
  1. cell counts
  2. hemoglobin
  3. cell parameters
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4
Q

what does a blood smear assess? (3)

A
  1. WBC differential
  2. confirm platelet count
  3. cell morphology
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5
Q

what is the hematocrit tube used to assess? (3)

A
  1. PCV: spun down
  2. total plasma protein: refractometer
  3. +/- fibrinogen in large animals
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6
Q

describe breed differences in erythrocytosis (5)

A

sighthounds, greyhounds, some dachsunds, racing horses, and warm-blooded horses have a higher RBC mass in health; there is no specific reference level so just know that these 5 have weirdly high RBC count in health and that’s a-okay

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7
Q

how is fibrinogen measured?

A

using plasma; test for positive acute phase protein that increases in inflammation of large animals

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8
Q

what are the 2 main technologies to produce a CBC?

A
  1. impedance: analyzing cells based on size
  2. laser/flow cytometry: analyze cells based on light scatter properties
    some analyzers use one or the other or a combo plus staining to differentiate WBCs or measure reticulocytes
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9
Q

describe impedance analysis (4)

A
  1. blood entering the analyzer is split into channels
  2. in the RBC/platelet channel, RBCs and platelets are counted and sized
  3. this method can lead to confusion between platelets and RBCs in cats where their platelets can be similar size to RBC (can give incorrect platelet and RBC count), so is get a low platelet count, perform a blood smear to confirm platelet count!!!
  4. in the WBC/hemoglobin channel, a very limited 3-part WBC differential is performed to distinguish between lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes/others, but this is based only on size so can be hella inaccurate, so again perform a blood smear!!!
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10
Q

what is another issue involving platelets and impedance analyzers other than large cat platelets?

A

platelets can clump! so a clump will not be counted by any analyzer and lead to a falsely low platelet count, so again perform a dang blood smear

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11
Q

where do we usually evaluate a blood smear?

A

in the monolayer, between the body and the feathered edge

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12
Q

what is commonly seen in the feathered edge of a blood smear?

A

platelet clumps

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13
Q

be able to talk through preparation of a blood smear

A

Meichner says stain 5,5,7, make sure sample is fixed first, and DONT heatfix blood

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14
Q

list and describe the 2 common blood smear stains

A
  1. wright giemsa: less common but stains basophils really well
  2. diff quick stain: much more common but stains basophils and mast cell granules poorly
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15
Q

list and describe the 3 types of stain contamination

A
  1. water contamination: usually in the fixative and causes refractile water artifact in RBCs
  2. contamination from dirty specimens: make sure to keep ear and fecal separate!
  3. stain precipitate: dirty stain clumps; makes it impossible to recognize and ID blood parasites, toxic changes in neutrophils, and bacteria
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16
Q

where is a WBC differential often performed? give 3 lenses and part of blood smear

A

in 40x dry, 50x oil or 100x oil in the monolayer of the smear

17
Q

what is physiologic leukocytosis? (5)

A
  1. due to excitement, fear, pain, exercise
  2. ELSI: excitement causes lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils to increase
  3. the neutrophilia is due to redistribution of neutrophils from marginated to circulating pool
  4. the lymphocytosis is due to splenic contraction
  5. commonly seen in young animals like cats and horses and last for just minutes after the excitement; is uncommon in dogs; can be induced by parturition and exercise in cattle

CRH (30 decks)

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